唇形科16属27种植物花部特征对比研究

Comparative Study on Floral Characteristics of 27 Plants from 16 Genera in the Family Lamiaceae

摘要: 目的：探索唇形科27种植物花部特征在属间及种间的分类学意义。方法：对唇形科27种植物花部的9个质量性状、9个数量性状进行观测和统计分析；对其花粉形态进行显微观察。结果：27种植物在花序类型、花冠形态、花冠颜色、柱头是否伸出花冠外、柱头是否2等裂、雄蕊类型、花药着生方式、花萼有无盾片、花萼分裂情况9个质量性状上存在差异；27种植物的花总长、花冠筒长、长花丝长、雌蕊(不含子房)长、上唇长、下唇长、上唇宽、下唇宽、花萼总长9个数量指标均具有显著性差异；27种植物的花粉粒在萌发沟数量和形状上有差异。结论：27种植物的花部特征表现出多样性，可作为唇形科种间分类鉴定的依据，韧黄芩、荨麻叶龙头草、丽江糙苏的花粉粒形态为首次报道。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the taxonomic significance of floral characteristics of 27 plant species in the Lamiaceae family among genera and species. Method: Observation and statistical analysis were conducted on 9 qualitative and 9 quantitative traits of the flower parts of 27 species of plants in the family Lamiaceae. The pollen morphology was observed using an optical microscope. Result: There were differences in 9 quality traits among 27 plant species, including inflorescence type, corolla morphology, corolla color, whether the stigma extended outside the corolla, whether the stigma is equal to the 2-split, stamen type, anther attachment mode, presence or absence of a shield in the sepal, and sepal division. There were significant differences in 9 quantitative indicators, including flower total length, corolla tube length, long filament length, pistil (excluding ovary) length, upper lip length, lower lip length, upper lip width, lower lip width, and calyx total length, among 27 plant species. There are differences in the number and shape of germination grooves among the pollen grains of 27 plants. Conclusion: The floral characteristics of 27 plant species exhibit diversity and can serve as a basis for interspecific classification and identification in the family Lamiaceae. The pollen morphology of Scutellaria tenax W. W. Sm, Meehania urticifolia (Miq.) Makino, and Phlomoides likiangensis (C. Y. Wu) Kamelin & Makhm was reported for the first time.