网络爬取的数据风险及其法律规制研究

Research on the Risks of Web Scraped Data and Their Legal Regulation

摘要: 数据是竞争与创新的引擎，也是数字技术和数字经济的支撑。作为数据利用的一种重要手段，在缺乏科学合理的规制时，网络爬取在个人隐私、消费者权益以及企业利益等方面潜藏着诸多法律风险。当前，我国网络爬取相关立法呈现出明显的碎片化和滞后性问题，缺乏规制网络爬取行为的具有可操作性的专门性条款。通过借鉴域外相关经验，我国应以分级分类为基础明确网络爬取行为的边界规则，以责任主体为核心构建全链条约束机制，进而完善网络爬取数据风险的法律规制路径。

Abstract: Data is the engine of competition and innovation, and also the backbone of digital technology and the digital economy. As an important means of data utilization, web crawling poses potential legal risks to personal privacy, consumer rights, and corporate interests in the absence of scientific and rational regulation. Currently, China’s legislation on web crawling is characterized by fragmentation and lag, lacking specialized provisions with operability to regulate web crawling behavior. Drawing on international experiences, China should clarify the boundaries of web crawling behavior based on data classification and grading, and establish a comprehensive constraint mechanism centered on responsible entities, thereby improving the legal regulatory path for web crawling data risks.