腰椎间盘突出症的治疗研究进展

Research Progress on the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation

摘要: 腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)是腰椎间盘发生退行性改变后，因外力作用破坏纤维环，致使髓核突出压迫椎间孔内的脊神经和血管，以及椎管内的脊神经根和马尾神经，出现以腰部疼痛、腰椎活动度减少，一侧或双侧下肢疼痛麻木为主要症状的疾病。LDH好发于中老年人，发病率达到7.62%，逐年增高且呈年轻化趋势。LDH不仅降低患者的生活质量，影响其工作效率，且复发率高，难以痊愈。当前针对LDH的治疗方法众多，主要有西医：手术，药物、理疗；中医：针灸、中药、推拿、穴位贴敷等，如何根据患者的病情需要，合理地选择治疗方案，达到高疗效、低风险尤为重要。本文通过查阅大量相关文献了解、分析各类治疗方法的优势及其适应症，以期为LDH患者选择合适的治疗方案提供新思路。

Abstract: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a disease characterized by degenerative changes in the lumbar disc, damage to the fibrous ring caused by external forces, resulting in the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus and compression of the spinal nerves and blood vessels in the intervertebral foramen, as well as the spinal nerve roots and cauda equina nerves in the spinal canal. The main symptoms include lower back pain, reduced lumbar spine activity, and pain and numbness in one or both lower limbs. LDH tends to occur in middle-aged and elderly people, with the incidence rate reaching 7.62%, increasing year by year and showing a younger trend. LDH not only reduces patients’ quality of life and affects their work efficiency, but also has a high recurrence rate and is difficult to cure. There are currently many treatment methods for LDH, mainly including Western medicine: surgery, medication, and physical therapy; traditional Chinese medicine: acupuncture and moxibustion, traditional Chinese medicine, massage, acupoint application, etc. It is particularly important to choose a reasonable treatment plan according to the patient’s condition needs to achieve high efficacy and low risk. This article aims to provide new ideas for LDH patients to choose appropriate treatment plans by reviewing a large number of relevant literature to understand and analyze the advantages and indications of various treatment methods.