磷酸化细菌纤维素隔膜在水系锌离子电池中应用的研究型综合性化学实验

Research-Oriented Comprehensive Chemistry Experiment: Phosphorylated Bacterial Cellulose Separators Applied in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

摘要: 针对新能源储能领域对高性能、安全环保电池材料的迫切需求，本工作结合水系锌离子电池前沿研究进展与高校化学实验教学特点，设计并实施了一个面向本科生的研究型综合实验——磷酸化细菌纤维素隔膜设计制备及其在水系锌离子电池中的应用。实验以环境友好的细菌纤维素为原料，通过磷酸化改性制备得到PBC隔膜，并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对其化学结构和微观形貌进行表征。进一步，将PBC隔膜组装为对称电池、半电池和全电池，利用电化学工作站和电池测试系统对其电化学性能进行系统评估，包括对称电池循环稳定性、半电池库仑效率、全电池循环伏安及长循环性能，并通过驱动LED灯演示其实际应用效果。本实验将生物质材料改性、物理表征、电化学测试与应用验证有机结合，贯穿设计–制备–表征–性能–应用的完整研究链条，有助于培养学生的多学科知识融合能力与综合科研素养。通过在教学全过程中融入绿色化学理念与实验安全意识，本设计不仅强化了学生的实践与创新能力，也引导其树立面向可持续发展的科学价值观。

Abstract: In response to the urgent demand for high-performance, green, and safe battery materials in the field of new energy storage, this work integrates recent advances in aqueous zinc-ion battery research with the characteristics of university-level chemistry laboratory teaching. It designs and implements a research-oriented comprehensive experiment for undergraduates that focuses on the preparation of phosphorylated bacterial cellulose (PBC) separators and their application in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Using environmentally friendly bacterial cellulose as the raw material, PBC separators are prepared via phosphorylation modification, and their chemical structure and microscopic morphology are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the PBC separator is assembled into symmetric cells, half-cells, and full cells. Their electrochemical performance is systematically evaluated using an electrochemical workstation and a battery testing system, including cycling stability of symmetric cells, coulombic efficiency of half-cells, cyclic voltammetry, and long-term cycling performance of full cells. Practical application is demonstrated by powering an LED light. This experiment integrates biomass material modification, physical characterization, electrochemical testing, and application validation, covering the complete research chain of design, preparation, characterization, performance, and application. It helps cultivate interdisciplinary knowledge integration and comprehensive research competence of students. By incorporating green chemistry principles and laboratory safety awareness throughout the teaching process, this design not only strengthens practical and innovative abilities of students but also guides them to establish a sustainability-oriented scientific values system.