我国海洋塑料垃圾污染治理问题及对策研究

Research on Governance Issues and Countermeasures of Marine Plastic Pollution in China

摘要: 随着海洋塑料垃圾污染问题的加剧，其对海洋生态系统、人类健康及海洋产业的负面影响日益显著。我国虽已开展相关治理工作并取得一定成效，但仍面临法律体系不健全、治理主体责任不明晰、国际合作效率低等问题。本文基于协同治理理论，通过分析海洋塑料垃圾污染的来源与危害，探讨治理现状及存在的“碎片化”困境，剖析政府、市场与社会在治理博弈中的失灵现象，提出完善法律体系、明确治理主体责任、加强国际合作等对策，以促进全球海洋生态环境的可持续发展。

Abstract: The escalating issue of marine plastic pollution exerts increasingly significant negative impacts on marine ecosystems, human health, and maritime industries. Although China has implemented governance measures and achieved certain progress, challenges remain, including an imperfect legal system, unclear responsibilities among governance subjects, and inefficient international cooperation. Based on the Collaborative Governance Theory, this paper analyzes the sources and hazards of marine plastic pollution, examines the current governance status and the dilemma of “fragmentation,” and dissects the governance failures and game constraints among the government, the market, and society. Consequently, it proposes countermeasures such as optimizing the legal framework, clarifying governance responsibilities, and strengthening international cooperation, with the aim of promoting the sustainable development of the global marine ecological environment.