怀旧对老漂族与本地老年人生命意义感影响的对比研究

A Comparative Study of the Impact of Nostalgia on the Sense of Meaning in Life between Elderly Migrants and Local Elderly

摘要: 目的：考察怀旧情绪对老漂族与本地老年人生命意义感的提升作用及其群体差异。方法：采用2 (老人类型：老漂族vs.本地老年人) × 2 (情绪状态：怀旧vs.中性)被试间实验设计，招募68名老年人，通过经典音乐范式诱发情绪，并使用《老年人怀旧感量表》和《生命意义感量表》进行测量。结果：1) 情绪状态主效应显著，F(1,64) = 65.56，p < 0.001，${\eta }_p^2$ = 0.506，怀旧组生命意义感显著高于中性组；2) 老人类型主效应不显著，F(1,64) = 0.22，p = 0.638，${\eta }_p^2$ = 0.003；3) 二者交互作用显著，F(1,64) = 5.27，p = 0.025，${\eta }_p^2$ = 0.076，中性条件下，老漂族生命意义感略低于本地老年人(边缘显著，F(1,64) = 3.505，p = 0.06)，怀旧情绪下两组差异消失，F(1,64) = 1.830，p > 0.05。结论：怀旧能有效提升两类老年人的生命意义感，并可补偿老漂族因迁移适应压力带来的潜在意义感劣势，为老年心理健康干预提供新路径。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of nostalgia on meaning in life among older migrant adults (“old drifters”) and local older adults, as well as potential group differences. Methods: A 2 (group: old drifters vs. local older adults) × 2 (emotion condition: nostalgia vs. neutral) between-subjects experimental design was employed. Sixty-eight older adults were recruited and randomly assigned to conditions. Nostalgia or neutral affect was induced using a validated music-based paradigm, followed by assessments with the Nostalgia Scale for the Elderly and the Presence subscale of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. Results: 1) The main effect of emotion condition was significant, F(1,64) = 65.56, p < 0.001, ${\eta }_p^2$ = 0.506, with participants in the nostalgia condition reporting significantly higher meaning in life than those in the neutral condition. 2) The main effect of group was not significant, F(1,64) = 0.22, p = 0.638, ${\eta }_p^2$ = 0.003. 3) A significant interaction between group and emotion condition emerged, F(1,64) = 5.27, p = 0.025, ${\eta }_p^2$ = 0.076: under neutral conditions, old drifters exhibited marginally lower meaning in life than local older adults, F(1,64) = 3.505, p = 0.06; this difference was eliminated under nostalgia induction, F(1,64) = 1.830, p = 0.181. Conclusion: Nostalgia effectively enhances meaning in life in both older migrant and local older adults and appears to buffer against the potential deficit in meaning associated with migration-related adaptation stress among old drifters, suggesting its promise as a low-cost, culturally resonant intervention target in geropsychological practice.