基于中医“治未病”理论的肝癌防治思路探讨
Exploration on Prevention and Treatment Ideas of Liver Cancer Based on TCM “Preventive Treatment of Disease” Theory
摘要: 原发性肝癌(以下简称肝癌)是我国高发恶性肿瘤，具有起病隐匿、进展迅猛、恶性度高、预后恶劣等特点，已成为危害公共卫生安全的重大问题。当前临床诊疗重心多聚焦于中晚期综合治疗，虽取得一定进展，但总体生存率仍难以实现根本性突破。因此，推动防治重心前移，构建全周期防控体系成为肝癌防治的关键方向。中医“治未病”理论源远流长，其“未病先防、既病防变、瘥后防复”的核心思想，与肝癌从慢性肝病(肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化)逐步演进的漫长病理过程高度契合。本文系统梳理“治未病”理论内涵，以该理论为框架，分别针对肝癌发生前的风险规避期(一级预防)、高危人群的防癌变期(二级预防/癌前病变干预)及治疗后的防复发期(三级预防)，深入探讨中医防治肝癌的整体思路、核心原则与实践策略，为优化肝癌全程管理模式、丰富中医肿瘤学学术体系提供理论支撑与实践路径。
Abstract: Primary liver cancer (hereinafter referred to as liver cancer) is a highly prevalent malignant tumor in China, featuring insidious onset, rapid progression, high malignancy, and poor prognosis. It has become a major issue endangering public health security. Currently, the focus of clinical diagnosis and treatment is mostly on comprehensive treatment for middle and advanced stages. Despite achieving certain progress, a fundamental breakthrough in the overall survival rate remains difficult to realize. Therefore, advancing the focus of prevention and treatment and constructing a full-cycle prevention and control system have become the key direction for liver cancer prevention and treatment. The TCM theory of “Preventive Treatment of Disease (Zhi Wei Bing)” has a time-honored history, and its core ideas of “Preventing Disease Before Its Occurrence (Wei Bing Xian Fang)”, “Arresting Disease Progression After Its Onset (Ji Bing Fang Bian)” and “Preventing Recurrence After Recovery (Chai Hou Fang Fu)” are highly consistent with the prolonged pathological process of liver cancer evolving gradually from chronic liver diseases (hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis). Based on this theory as a framework, this paper systematically sorts out the connotation of the “Preventive Treatment of Disease” theory, and deeply explores the overall ideas, core principles and practical strategies of TCM in preventing and treating liver cancer, targeting respectively the risk avoidance period before the occurrence of liver cancer (primary prevention), the cancer progression prevention period for high-risk groups (secondary prevention/precancerous lesion intervention), and the recurrence prevention period after liver cancer treatment (tertiary prevention). It aims to provide theoretical support and practical paths for optimizing the full-cycle management model of liver cancer and enriching the academic system of TCM oncology.
文章引用：李韩磊, 郭建恩. 基于中医“治未病”理论的肝癌防治思路探讨[J]. 中医学, 2026, 15(3): 7-15. https://doi.org/10.12677/tcm.2026.153125

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