中国典型抗生素污染特征、测试方法及生态风险评估综述
A Review on the Characteristics of Antibiotic Contamination, Analytical Methods, and Ecological Risks in China
DOI: 10.12677/aep.2026.162027, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 仝 瑶, 宿婧婧, 任明浩：华北水利水电大学地球科学与工程学院，河南 郑州；宋 寒*：河南省科学院质量检测与分析测试研究中心，河南 郑州；朱盈蕊：郑州市食品药品检验所，河南 郑州；李琦路：河南师范大学环境学院，黄淮水环境与污染防治教育部重点实验室，河南 新乡
关键词: 典型抗生素；环境介质；迁移转化；检测方法；生态风险；Typical Antibiotics； Environmental Media； Migration and Transformation； Detection Methods； Ecological Risk
摘要: 论文系统总结了中国地表水、地下水及沉积物中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类和四环素类抗生素的污染分布特征及其环境行为。结果表明，磺胺类总体污染水平较低且区域差异不显著；喹诺酮类在经济发达、工农业活动密集区浓度偏高；大环内酯类空间差异明显，受局地排放源影响显著；四环素类在部分西北地区相对较高。河流中抗生素浓度整体高于湖泊，地下水以四环素类和喹诺酮类为主检出。抗生素迁移转化行为受理化性质及两性离子特征控制，与传统有机污染物存在明显差异。同步归纳了抗生素样品前处理及色谱–质谱联用检测技术，并比较了其环境适用性。生态风险评价结果显示，部分水环境已达到中至高等风险水平。上述认识可为抗生素环境行为研究及污染防控提供参考。
Abstract: This paper systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics and environmental behavior of sulfonamide, quinolone, macrolide, and tetracycline antibiotics in surface water, groundwater, and sediments in China. The results show that sulfonamide antibiotics generally have low pollution levels with no significant regional differences; quinolones have higher concentrations in economically developed areas with intensive industrial and agricultural activities; macrolides show significant spatial variations and are significantly influenced by local emission sources; and tetracyclines are relatively high in some northwestern regions. Antibiotic concentrations in rivers are generally higher than in lakes, and tetracyclines and quinolones are the main antibiotics detected in groundwater. The migration and transformation behavior of antibiotics is controlled by their physicochemical properties and zwitterionic characteristics, showing significant differences from traditional organic pollutants. The paper also summarizes antibiotic sample pretreatment and chromatography-mass spectrometry detection techniques and compares their environmental applicability. Ecological risk assessment results indicate that some aquatic environments have reached medium to high risk levels. These findings can provide a reference for research on the environmental behavior of antibiotics and pollution control.
文章引用：仝瑶, 宋寒, 朱盈蕊, 宿婧婧, 李琦路, 任明浩. 中国典型抗生素污染特征、测试方法及生态风险评估综述[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2026, 16(2): 260-275. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2026.162027

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