阿多诺“否定的辩证法”理论及其当代启示

Adorno’s Theory of “Negative Dialectics” and Its Contemporary Implications

摘要: 基于对黑格尔辩证法和卢卡奇物化理论的分析与批判，阿多诺确立了否定性在辩证法中不可动摇的地位，他将批判的矛头指向“同一性”并就此走向“否定的辩证法”的理论道路。“非同一性”是存在于“同一性”内部的异质性，是一种不可调和的客观矛盾；“被规定的否定”是对黑格尔辩证法否定之否定的改造，其本质是持续的、彻底的否定，二者共同构成了“否定的辩证法”的核心理论。“否定的辩证法”还对启蒙理性和文化工业进行了深刻的批判。这些批判警示我们要辩证地看待科学技术的发展，在保障社会个体价值的前提下发展科学技术，还提醒我们要主动发展多样化的文化，以抵抗文化工业对个体思想的侵蚀。

Abstract: Based on his analysis and critique of Hegelian dialectics and Lukács’ theory of reification, Adorno established the unshakable position of negativity within dialectics. He directed his critical focus toward “identity” and thus embarked on the theoretical path of “negative dialectics.” “Non-identity” refers to the heterogeneity inherent within “identity,” representing an irreconcilable objective contradiction, while “determinate negation” is a reformulation of Hegel’s negation of the negation—its essence lies in sustained and thorough negation. Together, these two concepts form the core of “negative dialectics”. “Negative dialectics” also offers a profound critique of Enlightenment rationality and the culture industry. These critiques remind us to maintain a dialectical perspective on the development of science and technology, ensuring that such development safeguards the freedom and value of individuals in society. Moreover, they urge us to actively cultivate diverse forms of culture as a means to resist the erosion of individual thought by the culture industry.