基于GIS空间分布对声环境功能区划调整及噪声控制措施研究

Research on the Adjustment of Acoustic Environmental Functional Zoning and Noise Control Measures Based on GIS Spatial Distribution

摘要: 为提升崇左市声环境管理的科学性与精细化水平，依据《声环境质量标准》(GB 3096-2008)及相关技术规范，结合区域地理特征、土地利用现状及噪声监测数据，对该市声环境功能区划进行了系统调整。研究基于2020~2022年连续监测数据，布设127个噪声监测点，覆盖城市建成区主要功能板块，采用等效连续A声级作为评价指标，分析噪声时空分布特征及主要污染源构成。通过GIS空间分析技术实现功能区边界的空间叠加与优化划定，明确各类功能区范围及声环境管理目标。调整后的一类、二类、三类及4a类功能区面积占比分别为18.3%、45.7%、22.1%和13.9%，较原区划更契合城市发展实际。评估结果显示，调整后各功能区昼间达标率提升至82.6%，夜间达标率为63.4%，其中交通干线周边4a类区噪声超标问题仍较突出。针对重点区域提出差异化噪声控制措施，包括交通低噪声路面铺设、工业厂区隔声屏障建设、施工时段管控及绿化带缓冲带布局优化。同时建议完善噪声监管机制，强化部门协同与公众参与，推动城市声环境质量持续改善。研究成果可为中小城市声环境功能区划优化与噪声污染防治提供实践参考。

Abstract: To improve the scientific and refined management of sound environment in a city in Guangxi, the acoustic environmental zoning was systematically adjusted based on the “Environmental Noise Quality Standard” (GB 3096-2008) and related technical guidelines, integrating regional geographical characteristics, land use patterns, and noise monitoring data. Based on continuous monitoring data from 2020 to 2022, 127 monitoring sites were established across major functional zones of the urban area. The equivalent continuous A-weighted sound level (Leq) was used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of noise and identify dominant noise sources. GIS-based spatial overlay analysis was applied to optimize the delimitation of zone boundaries, clarifying the extent and management objectives of each functional zone. After adjustment, the area proportions of Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4a zones are 18.3%, 45.7%, 22.1%, and 13.9%, respectively, better reflecting current urban development. Evaluation results show that the daytime compliance rate increased to 82.6%, while the nighttime compliance rate reached 63.4%, with significant noise exceedances still observed in Class 4a zones along major roads. Differentiated noise control measures were proposed for key areas, including low-noise pavement application, installation of noise barriers around industrial zones, construction time regulation, and optimization of green buffer belts. Furthermore, improvements in supervision mechanisms, inter-departmental coordination, and public participation are recommended to promote sustained improvement in urban sound environment quality. The findings provide practical reference for zoning optimization and noise pollution prevention in medium and small-sized cities.