老龄社会背景下老年健康服务体系的供需错配及其治理路径

Mismatch in Supply and Demand within Elderly Healthcare Systems in an Ageing Society and Governance Approaches

摘要: 在老龄社会加速到来的背景下，老年健康服务体系在规模扩展和制度建设方面取得了积极进展，但伴随老年人口结构深刻变化，服务供给与健康需求之间的结构性错配问题日益凸显，已成为制约老年健康服务体系高效运行的突出矛盾。当前，老年健康需求呈现长期化、多样化与分化趋势，而服务供给在结构配置、服务能力与治理协同等方面存在明显滞后，难以有效回应老年群体的现实需求。研究认为，老年健康服务供需错配并非单纯的资源不足问题，而是制度设计、资源配置与治理机制协同不足的综合结果。破解这一困境，亟需以需求导向为核心，推动供给结构优化与治理机制创新，通过强化多主体协同和提升服务体系整体效能，实现老年健康服务体系的可持续发展。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of an accelerating ageing society, the elderly health service system has made positive strides in both scale expansion and institutional development. However, profound shifts in the demographic structure of the elderly population have increasingly exposed a structural mismatch between service provision and health needs, emerging as a prominent contradiction that constrains the efficient operation of the elderly health service system. Presently, elderly health needs exhibit trends towards long-term, diverse and differentiated patterns, while service provision lags significantly in structural allocation, service capacity and governance coordination, rendering it difficult to effectively address the practical demands of the elderly population. Research indicates that the mismatch between supply and demand in elderly health services is not merely a matter of insufficient resources, but rather a composite outcome of inadequate coordination in institutional design, resource allocation, and governance mechanisms. To resolve this predicament, it is imperative to adopt a demand-oriented approach, driving the optimisation of supply structures and innovation in governance mechanisms. By strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the service system, the sustainable development of elderly health services can be achieved.