数智时代人口老龄化的多维挑战与治理机制研究

Research on the Multidimensional Challenges and Governance Mechanisms of Population Aging in the Digital-Intelligent Era

摘要: 在数智时代，人工智能技术已逐渐成为重塑养老服务体系、应对人口结构挑战的关键因素。通过跳出纯粹的技术应用视角，剖析人工智能技术嵌入养老领域带来的系统性、结构性与伦理性挑战，可以看到人工智能在带来效率提升与服务拓展的同时，也潜藏着加剧社会分化、侵蚀人文价值、重构权力关系的深层风险。应对这些挑战，需要一种超越技术工具理性的综合治理范式，构建以“人的尊严与福祉”为根本，以“适应性治理”为核心，融合政策创新、技术驯化、伦理建构与社会协同的综合性路径。这一路径强调，技术的发展必须置于社会伦理与制度文明的约束之下，通过多元主体的持续对话与协商，最终实现科技赋能与老龄化社会的和谐共生，迈向一个更具包容性、安全性与温度感的未来。

Abstract: In the digital-intelligent era, artificial intelligence technology has gradually become a pivotal factor in reshaping the elderly care service system and addressing the challenges of population structure. Moving beyond a purely technical application perspective, an analysis of the systemic, structural and ethical challenges brought by the integration of artificial intelligence technology into the elderly care field reveals that while artificial intelligence boosts efficiency and expands services, it also harbors profound risks such as exacerbating social differentiation, eroding humanistic values and reconstructing power relations. To tackle these challenges, a comprehensive governance paradigm that transcends the instrumental rationality of technology is required. We should construct an integrated approach centered on “adaptive governance” and grounded in the fundamental principle of “human dignity and well-being”, which integrates policy innovation, technological domestication, ethical construction and social coordination. This approach emphasizes that technological development must be bound by social ethics and institutional civilization. Through continuous dialogue and negotiation among multiple stakeholders, we will ultimately realize the harmonious coexistence of technological empowerment and an aging society, moving toward a future that is more inclusive, secure and humane.