特化等级裂腹鱼类的研究现状及驯养繁殖进展

Current Research Status and Advances in Domestication and Breeding of Specialized Schizothoracine Fishes

摘要: 裂腹鱼亚科鱼类隶属于鲤形目鲤科，主要分布于青藏高原及周边水域，是该地区的特有鱼类，且在长江、黄河、雅鲁藏布江、怒江、印度河、湄公河等水系也有分布。这类鱼能够适应高寒缺氧环境，是高原水生生态系统中的关键类群，具有重要的科学研究价值，并且成为区域重要的经济鱼研究对象。然而，由于水利工程建设影响，裂腹鱼的生殖洄游通道受到阻隔另有过度捕捞、水质污染及外来物种入侵等多重因素，导致其生存和自然繁殖受到制约，因此，开展人工驯养与繁殖研究尤为迫切。本文系统梳理了特化等级裂腹鱼类的研究现状和驯养进展，以期为推动人工繁殖与资源保护提供参考。

Abstract: Fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae belong to the family Cyprinidae in the order Cypriniformes. They are primarily distributed in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding waters, making them endemic to this region. They also occur in river systems such as the Yangtze, Yellow, Yarlung Tsangpo, Nu, Indus, and Mekong Rivers. These fish are capable of adapting to cold and low-oxygen environments, and many species have high-quality, nutritious flesh, making them a valuable source of scientific research. They are key groups in the plateau aquatic ecosystem and have become important species for regional economic fish studies. However, due to factors such as the impact of water conservancy projects blocking their reproductive migration routes, overfishing, water pollution, and the introduction of invasive species, their survival and natural reproduction are severely constrained. Therefore, research on artificial breeding and cultivation has become particularly urgent. This paper systematically reviews the current research status and progress in the cultivation of specialized Schizothoracinae fishes, aiming to provide a reference for promoting artificial reproduction and resource conservation.