算法权力的博弈场域：电商平台治理的理论重构与范式演进

The Arena of Algorithmic Power Games: Theoretical Reconstruction and Paradigm Evolution of E-Commerce Platform Governance

摘要: 本文针对人工智能算法在电子商务平台中深度应用所导致的既有治理模式面临的根本性挑战展开研究。传统基于“平台–用户”二元对立的治理架构，由于算法同时兼具“效率提升引擎”与“隐性权力中枢”的双重属性而难以奏效。为此，本研究尝试建构一个整合博弈论与制度理论的综合性分析框架，将平台生态系统解析为一个由平台方、算法系统(视为具有准主体性的参与者)、各类商家、消费者以及监管机构共同构成的多元动态博弈场域。理论分析揭示，算法运作的“黑箱”特性超越了纯粹的技术范畴，成为重构所有参与者策略选择集、并引发“非对称性策略互动”的核心影响因素。基于此，本文论证了从依赖“固化的规则性治理”转向“动态调适的协同性治理”这一范式变迁的内在必然性。新范式的要义在于构建一套融合算法问责机制、敏捷响应式监管以及多元利益相关方协商共议的制度化耦合体系，从而为解读智能化时期的平台治理问题贡献一种新的理论视角。

Abstract: This paper conducts a study on the fundamental challenges confronted by the existing governance models, which are induced by the in-depth application of artificial intelligence algorithms in e-commerce platforms. The traditional governance framework based on the binary opposition between platforms and users has become ineffective, owing to the dual attributes of algorithms as both an efficiency-enhancing engine and a hidden power hub. To address this issue, this study attempts to construct a comprehensive analytical framework integrating game theory and institutional theory, which decomposes the platform ecosystem into a multi-agent dynamic game arena composed of platform operators, algorithm systems (regarded as quasi-subjective participants), various merchants, consumers, and regulatory authorities. Theoretical analysis reveals that the black-box nature of algorithm operation transcends the purely technical domain, acting as a core factor that reconstructs the strategy sets of all participants and triggers asymmetric strategic interactions. On this basis, the paper demonstrates the inherent inevitability of the paradigm shift from reliance on “rigid rule-based governance” to “dynamically adaptive collaborative governance”. The essence of the new paradigm lies in establishing an institutional coupling system that integrates algorithmic accountability mechanisms, agile responsive regulation, and multi-stakeholder consultation and deliberation, thereby contributing a new theoretical perspective to interpreting platform governance issues in the intelligent era.