论主观极性程度构式“X到不行”

On the Construction of Subjective Polarity Degree “X Dao Bu Xing”

摘要: “X到不行”是现代汉语中一个新兴的主观极性程度构式，这个构式用来表达言者对某人、事、物的主观极性程度评价。构式中的“X”具有可计量性的语义特征，包括性质形容词、具有可计量特征的动词和少量带有属性特征义的名词。该构式可在句中充当谓语、定语、宾语和补语。在语用功能方面，构式“X到不行”具有焦点凸显功能、主观评价功能和人际互动功能。其形成机制为重新分析和类推、主观性和主观化；形成动因主要为创新用法和去惯例化。

Abstract: “X dao bu xing” is a new construction of subjective polarity degree in modern Chinese. This construction is used to express the speaker’s evaluation of the subjective polarity degree of a person, event or thing. The “X” in the construction has measurable semantic features, including qualitative adjectives, verbs with measurable features, and a small number of nouns with attribute feature meanings. This construction can serve as the predicate, attributive, object and complement in a sentence. In terms of pragmatic functions, the construct “X dao bu xing” has the functions of highlighting the focus, subjective evaluation, and interpersonal interaction. Its formation mechanism is reanalysis and analogy, subjectivity and subjectivism. The main driving forces for its formation are innovative usage and de-conventionalization.