数据知识产权登记的逻辑架构、法律效力与功能实现研究

Research on the Logical Architecture, Legal Validity, and Functional Implementation of Data Intellectual Property Registration

摘要: 数字经济蓬勃发展背景下，数据要素的战略价值日益凸显，“数据二十条”开创性提出数据产权登记新方式，随后数据知识产权登记实践逐步展开，但实践中仍存在登记对象模糊、效力不确切等问题，理论研究亟待深化。本文系统梳理了数据、数据集合与数据产品的概念差异，明确了数据知识产权在数据产权体系中的定位，并深入探讨了登记对象的界定逻辑，主张登记对象应为具备合法性、智力成果属性与商业价值的数据集合。在审查模式上，提出宜采用形式审查为主、辅以事后异议与撤销机制的路径；在登记效力方面，建议现阶段采纳登记对抗主义，逐步向生效主义过渡。未来应通过统一标准、优化程序，构建稳定透明、可预期的登记体系，助力数字经济健康发展。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the vigorous development of the digital economy, the strategic value of data elements has become increasingly prominent. The Twenty Guidelines on Data has pioneered a new approach to data property right registration, and subsequent practical efforts to implement data intellectual property right registration have been carried out step by step. However, practical implementation is still plagued by such problems as ambiguous registration objects and uncertain legal effect, calling for further in-depth theoretical research. This paper systematically sorts out the conceptual differences among data, data sets and data products, clarifies the positioning of data intellectual property rights in the data property right system, and probes deeply into the defining logic of registration objects, arguing that the objects of registration should be data sets with legality, the attribute of intellectual achievements and commercial value. In terms of the examination mode, it proposes an approach that takes formal examination as the core, supplemented by an ex-post objection and revocation mechanism. As for the effect of registration, it is suggested that the registration antagonism principle be adopted at the current stage with a gradual transition to the validity principle in the long run. Going forward, efforts should be made to unify standards and optimize procedures, so as to establish a stable, transparent and predictable registration system and facilitate the sound development of the digital economy.