金纳米颗粒的合成及电磁增强特性的应用进展
Advances in Near-Field Enhancement Characteristics and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles
DOI: 10.12677/ojns.2026.142020, PDF,   
作者: 刘莉莉：洛阳理工学院智能制造学院，河南 洛阳
关键词: 光学增强；生物传感；LSPR；光催化；纳米颗粒；Optical Enhancement； Biosensing； LSPR； Photocatalysis； Nanoparticles
摘要: 金纳米颗粒因独特的局域表面等离激元共振(LSPR)效应，在光与物质相互作用过程中展现出显著的光学信号增强、电荷转移调控及光热转换等特性，成为光谱增强、食品安全、污染物检测等领域的研究热点。本文系统阐述了金纳米颗粒LSPR效应的物理本质与增强机理，重点分析了颗粒尺寸、形貌、表面修饰及周围介质等关键因素对LSPR增强特性的调控规律，全面综述了其在生物传感、光催化、生物医学诊疗及光电器件等领域的最新应用进展，并针对当前面临的稳定性、生物相容性及规模化制备等挑战，展望了未来的发展方向，为金纳米颗粒LSPR效应的深入研究与实际应用提供参考。
Abstract: Gold nanoparticles have attracted significant attention in the fields of spectral enhancement, food safety, and pollutant detection due to their unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. These effects enable remarkable enhancements in optical signal transduction, charge transfer regulation, and photothermal conversion during light-matter interactions. This article systematically elaborates on the physical essence and enhancement mechanisms of the LSPR effect of gold nanoparticles. It focuses on analyzing the regulatory rules of key factors such as particle size, morphology, surface modification, and surrounding media on the LSPR enhancement characteristics. Furthermore, it comprehensively reviews the latest application advancements of AuNPs in areas such as biosensing, photocatalysis, biomedical diagnostics and therapeutics, and optoelectronic devices. In response to current challenges such as stability, biocompatibility, and scalable preparation, this review also outlines future development directions, providing a reference for in-depth research and practical applications of the LSPR effect of gold nanoparticles.
文章引用：刘莉莉. 金纳米颗粒的合成及电磁增强特性的应用进展[J]. 自然科学, 2026, 14(2): 178-186. https://doi.org/10.12677/ojns.2026.142020

参考文献

[1] 单锋. 表面等离激元纳米结构的局域场增强特性[D]: [博士学位论文]. 南京: 东南大学, 2018.
[2] 张丹丹, 吴琪, 曲广波, 等. 单细胞水生生物金属纳米颗粒的定量分析[J]. 化学进展, 2022, 34(11): 2331-2339.
[3] 郭彩霞, 马小杰, 王博. 金属有机框架基复合材料的制备及其光热性能研究[J]. 化学学报, 2021, 79(8): 967-985.
[4] 毛振南. 仿生纳米颗粒用于脑肿瘤的光热治疗[J]. 安徽化工, 2024, 50(6): 64-68.
[5] 罗道斌, 韩香娥, 段璐杰. 温度变化环境中Au纳米球光学性质的研究[J]. 光子学报, 2017, 46(6): 113-119.
[6] 续丽辉, 朱兴忠, 徐娟, 等. 金纳米星的合成与应用[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(6): 156-170.
[7] 李梦君, 方晖. 金属纳米球-纳米圆盘结构中表面等离激元共振模式的电磁场增强研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2022, 42(4): 1098-1103.
[8] 丁涛, 李斯坦, 刘音奇, 等. 基于金属纳米颗粒的热等离激元学及其应用[J]. 光学学报, 2024, 44(19): 83-98.
[9] 杨敏. 基于金纳米棒的纳米复合物的制备和光热性能研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 太原: 太原理工大学, 2020.
[10] 胡青. 不同形貌贵金属纳米颗粒的合成及其SERS研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安工业大学, 2021.
[11] Esporrín-Ubieto, D., Fraire, J.C., Sánchez-deAlcázar, D. and Sánchez, S. (2025) Engineered Plasmonic and Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Biosensing, Motion, Imaging, and Therapeutic Applications. Advanced Materials, 37, Article 2502171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Yang, F., Cao, W., Zheng, G., Qiu, L., Nie, Z. and Li, Y. (2025) Plasmonic Metasurfaces: Light-Matter Interactions, Fabrication, Applications and Future Outlooks. Progress in Materials Science, 154, Article 101508. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] 赖宇明. 金纳米星的制备及对塑化剂的快速检测[J]. 现代化工, 2021, 41(4): 234-237.
[14] 张克辉, 饶红红, 罗明月, 等. 四丁基溴化膦存在下基于金纳米颗粒抗聚集的Cr3+比色检测[J]. 西北师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 60(6): 78-86.
[15] Zhang, J., Yan, C., Xie, L., Ding, Q., He, X., Liu, J., et al. (2025) Multivalent Aptamer-Linked Tetrahedron DNA Assisted Catalytic Hairpin Assembly for Accurate SERS Assay of Cancer-Derived Exosomes in Clinical Blood. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 282, Article 117497. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[16] Cucuiet, V., Maniu, D., Astilean, S., de la Chapelle, M.L. and Focsan, M. (2025) SERS Detection of DNA Hybridization on a Graphene Oxide Plasmonic Nanoplatform: Influence of DNA Sequence Length. Applied Physics Letters, 127, Article 063701. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] 胡子骜. 基于金纳米颗粒二聚体等离子荧光增强效应的miRNA检测[J]. 广东化工, 2025, 52(5): 136-139.
[18] Gellner, M., Steinigeweg, D., Ichilmann, S., Salehi, M., Schütz, M., Kömpe, K., et al. (2011) 3D Self-Assembled Plasmonic Superstructures of Gold Nanospheres: Synthesis and Characterization at the Single‐Particle Level. Small, 7, 3445-3451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] 白向茹, 谭金龙, 罗伟, 等. 基于功能化金纳米颗粒的表面增强拉曼光谱检测Ag+ [J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2025, 44(4): 318-324.
[20] Yuan, W., Gao, K., Li, D., Li, S., Xia, F., Wang, M., et al. (2025) Plasmonic Coupling-Engineered MXene/Au Nanocomposites for High-Performance Saturable Absorption in Ultrafast Fiber Lasers. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 17, 49897-49909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] 帅锦涛. 手性螺旋金纳米颗粒@SiO2核壳结构的设计合成及其在CO2光催化还原应用研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 成都: 成都大学, 2025.
[22] Bayles, A., Tian, S., Zhou, J., Yuan, L., Yuan, Y., Jacobson, C.R., et al. (2022) Al@TiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Photocatalysis. ACS Nano, 16, 5839-5850. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Liu, Y., Huang, S., Huang, X. and Ma, D. (2024) Enhanced Photocatalysis of Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks by Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Homo/Hetero-Junctions. Materials Horizons, 11, 1611-1637. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] 周青, 陆峰. 基于金纳米颗粒为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱快速鉴别人肝癌细胞与正常肝细胞[J]. 现代肿瘤医学, 2023, 31(3): 423-427.
[25] Kim, M., Lee, J.H. and Nam, J.M. (2019) Plasmonic Photothermal Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Advanced Science, 6, Article 1900471. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Lapotko, D. (2011) Plasmonic Nanobubbles as Tunable Cellular Probes for Cancer Theranostics. Cancers, 3, 802-840. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] 胡浩. 金纳米颗粒增强WS2光电探测器性能研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 成都: 电子科技大学, 2021.
[28] Duan, Y., Li, J., Wang, B., Li, Q., Wu, Z., Mao, J., et al. (2025) Enhanced Light Harvesting in Lead-Free Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Solar Cells with Plasmonic Ag Nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 13, 4974-4982. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[29] Mohammadi, M.R., Khamehchi, M. and Li, Y. (2026) Plasmonic Enhancement in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using MPA-Capped Ag Nanoparticles: Modeling and Experimental Validation. Applied Surface Science, 723, Article 165556. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]