淮北平原蔬菜种植区浅层地下水水质评价与农业灌溉适宜性分析

Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater Quality and Analysis of Agricultural Irrigation Suitability in the Vegetable Planting Area of the Huaibei Plain

摘要: 为了评估淮北平原区宿州市周边蔬菜种植区地下水水化学特征及其农业灌溉适宜性，本研究于2025年在安徽省宿州市埇桥区采集25个浅层地下水样品，对其水化学参数并进行统计分析。结果表明：地下水pH值介于7.14~7.67，呈弱碱性；总溶解固体(TDS)平均值为857.68 mg/L，属于中等矿化度水；水化学类型以$HC{O}_3^{-}$ -Ca-Mg型为主，Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和$HC{O}_3^{-}$ 为优势离子，反映碳酸盐岩风化溶解的主导作用。Gibbs图分析显示，水化学组成主要受岩石风化控制，部分受蒸发浓缩影响。硝酸盐浓度平均为235.89 mg/L，空间变异性高，超标率达30%以上，表明农业施肥等人为活动对水质影响非常明显。灌溉适宜性评价显示，研究区地下水主要受硝酸盐污染和局部高矿化度的影响，存在土壤次生盐渍化与作物健康风险。为此，建议加强地下水动态监测，推广生态农业与精准灌溉技术，实施源头减排与水质修复，以保障区域农业用水安全与水资源的可持续利用。

Abstract: In order to evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics and agricultural irrigation suitability of the groundwater in the vegetable planting areas around Suzhou City in the Huaibei Plain, 25 shallow groundwater samples were collected in Yongqiao District, Suzhou City, Anhui Province in 2025. Hydrochemical parameters of the samples were analyzed and statistically processed. The results indicate that the groundwater pH was found to range from 7.14 to 7.67, indicating weakly alkaline conditions. The average value of total dissolved solids (TDS) was determined to be 857.68 mg/L, classifying the water as medium-salinity type. The dominant hydrochemical type was identified as $HC{O}_3^{-}$ -Ca-Mg, with Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and $HC{O}_3^{-}$ being the predominant ions, reflecting the controlling role of carbonate rock weathering and dissolution. Analysis using the Gibbs diagram showed that the hydrochemical composition is primarily controlled by rock weathering, with some influence from evaporation-concentration processes. The average nitrate concentration was measured as 235.89 mg/L, exhibiting high spatial variability, and the exceedance rate was found to be over 30%, indicating a significant impact from anthropogenic activities such as agricultural fertilization on water quality. The irrigation suitability assessment revealed that the groundwater in the study area is mainly affected by nitrate pollution and localized high salinity, posing potential risks of soil secondary salinization and crop health hazards. Therefore, it is recommended that groundwater dynamic monitoring be strengthened, ecological agriculture and precision irrigation technologies be promoted, and source reduction coupled with water quality restoration measures be implemented to ensure regional agricultural water security and the sustainable utilization of water resources.