天津机场一次阵风锋触发暖区对流过程分析

Analysis of a Warm-Sector Convection Event Triggered by a Gust Front at Tianjin Airport

摘要: 本文利用Micaps4.8常规观测资料、天津市气象局自动站以及多种雷达探测数据，针对2025年6月18日天津一次阵风锋触发暖区对流过程进行天气形势和物理量诊断分析，并讨论其触发机制及未来如何提升预警效果。结果发现：(1) 本次过程是在高空冷涡槽底和低层西南暖湿气流大尺度背景下引起的，上干冷下暖湿提供了强对流的基础条件；(2) 较大的对流有效位能和850 hPa与500 hPa的温度差提供层结不稳定的环境条件；低层水汽较好，也为短时强降水提供了水汽条件；(3) 雷暴高压内强辐散气流与环境空气形成的阵风锋，具有较强的抬升触发能力；阵风锋是低层大气现象，需要应用低仰角的雷达资料来识别。(4) 阵风锋过境时伴有气象要素的剧烈变化，期间需要加强天气监测并做好风向转变服务。

Abstract: This paper uses Micaps4.8 conventional observation data, automatic station data from Tianjin Meteorological Bureau, and various types of radar detection data to conduct a diagnostic analysis of the synoptic situation and physical parameters of a warm-sector convection event triggered by a gust front in Tianjin on June 18, 2025. It also discusses the triggering mechanism of the event and approaches to improve early warning effectiveness in the future. The results show that: (1) This event occurred under the large-scale background of the bottom of an upper-level cold vortex trough and low-level southwest warm and humid airflows; the upper dry-cold and lower warm-humid stratification provided the basic conditions for severe convection. (2) Substantial convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa supplied the environmental conditions of stratification instability; favorable low-level water vapor also provided the moisture conditions for short-duration heavy precipitation. (3) The gust front formed by the interaction between strong divergent airflows within the thunderstorm high and ambient air had a strong lifting and triggering capacity; as a low-level atmospheric phenomenon, the gust front needs to be identified using radar data at low elevation angles. (4) The passage of the gust front was accompanied by drastic changes in meteorological elements, during which it is necessary to strengthen weather monitoring and provide quality services related to wind direction shifts.