微波辅助纳秒单脉冲激光辐照CFRP的理论与实验研究

Theoretical and Experimental Study on Microwave-Assisted Nanosecond Single-Pulse Laser Irradiation of CFRP

摘要: 为研究微波辅助条件下纳秒脉冲激光作用碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的表面形貌演化规律，构建了微波与单脉冲激光协同作用的实验平台，系统考察了微波功率与激光单脉冲能量对材料表面形貌及粗糙度特征的影响。结果表明，单独纳秒脉冲激光作用下，随着激光能量的增加，CFRP表面起伏显著增强，表面形貌呈现出较强的不均匀性；引入微波辅助后，在不引发明显宏观烧蚀的前提下，材料表层初始热状态发生改变，激光作用区域内表面起伏幅度得到一定程度的抑制。与未加入微波条件相比，在相同激光参数下，表面粗糙度指标整体降低，尤其是反映极端峰谷差异的Rz从10.6038 μm降低至8.4166 μm，Ra与Rq亦呈现不同程度下降，表明微波辅助可有效削弱单脉冲激光作用过程中形成的极端峰谷起伏，改善加工区域内的表面形貌稳定性。相关研究结果可为微波辅助激光加工CFRP工艺参数的优化提供实验参考。

Abstract: To investigate the surface morphology evolution of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) under nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation with microwave assistance, an experimental platform combining microwave and single-pulse laser synergistic effects was established. The influence of microwave power and laser single-pulse energy on the material’s surface morphology and roughness characteristics was systematically examined. Results indicate that under isolated nanosecond laser pulses, increasing laser energy significantly enhances surface undulations, resulting in pronounced surface irregularities. With microwave assistance, the initial thermal state of the material surface layer changes without inducing noticeable macroscopic ablation, partially suppressing surface undulation amplitude within the laser-treated region. Compared to the microwave-free condition, under identical laser parameters, overall surface roughness metrics decreased. Notably, the Rz value—reflecting extreme peak-to-valley variation—decreased from 10.6038 μm to 8.4166 μm, while Ra and Rq also exhibited varying degrees of reduction. This indicates microwave assistance effectively mitigates extreme peak-to-valley undulations formed during single-pulse laser processing, improving surface morphology stability within the processed area. These findings provide experimental references for optimizing process parameters in microwave-assisted laser processing of CFRP.