2024年3月13~16日新疆区域机场强冷空气过程环流特征分析

Analysis of Circulation Characteristics of Strong Cold Air Process in Xinjiang Regional Airport from March 13 to 16, 2024

摘要: 本文基于多源数据资料，对2024年3月13~16日新疆区域机场降水、降温、大风天气过程的环流驱动机制从高–中–低层及极地环流特征方面进行详细分析，结果表明：高层100 hPa南支槽前为新疆提供水汽背景，200 hPa南北支急流耦合增强了动力条件，500 hPa经向环流调整形成的两槽一脊型是冷空气南下的关键；中低层700 hPa西南急流输送充足水汽，地面冷高压沿西方路径东移增强，推动冷锋引发北疆降水相态转变与全疆大风降温；北极200 hPa极涡分裂的多中心结构及经向环流增强，是此次冷空气活动的极地环流背景。

Abstract: Based on multi-source data, this paper analyzes the circulation driving mechanism of precipitation, cooling and gale weather in Xinjiang regional airport from March 13 to 16, 2024 from the aspects of high-medium-low level and polar circulation characteristics. The results show that the south branch trough at 100 hPa provides water vapor background for Xinjiang, and the coupling of north and south branch jets at 200 hPa enhances the dynamic conditions. The two troughs and one ridge formed by the adjustment of meridional circulation at 500 hPa are the key to the southward movement of cold air. The southwest jet stream at 700 hPa in the middle and lower layers transported sufficient water vapor, and the surface cold high pressure moved eastward along the western path, which promoted the cold front to cause the phase transition of precipitation in northern Xinjiang and the cooling of gales in Xinjiang. The multi-center structure of polar vortex splitting and the enhancement of meridional circulation at 200 hPa in the Arctic are the polar circulation background of this cold air activity.