夜班时段ICU护士采血试管选择失误的质性研究

Qualitative Study on ICU Nurses’ Choice of Blood Collection Tubes during Night Shift

摘要: 目的：探讨夜班时段ICU护士采血试管选择失误的现状及可能影响失误的相关因素，为制定针对性的干预策略提供参考。方法：采用描述性质性研究，通过目的抽样法，选取19名ICU护士进行半结构式访谈，使用传统内容分析法分析资料。结果：提炼出4个主题，8个亚主题：操作规范执行不足(依赖个人经验，存在侥幸心理，缺乏慎独精神)，工作负荷与疲劳(职业性情感耗竭、急性工作负荷超载、夜间环境影响)沟通机制不完善(医嘱执行偏差，护理操作协同失效)，采血辅助设备局限性。结论：夜班时段的ICU护士采血试管选择失误受操作规范执行不足、工作疲惫、协作失误、采血辅助设备存在缺点的影响，在临床工作中，建议提升护士的慎独精神，合理排班，优化沟通机制，改进辅助工具，以提升夜班采血的安全性。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current status of blood collection tube selection errors among ICU nurses during night shifts and the potential factors influencing these errors, providing references for developing targeted intervention strategies. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling to select 19 ICU nurses for semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using traditional content analysis. Results: Four themes and seven sub-themes were identified: inadequate implementation of operational standards (reliance on personal experience, lucky mentality, lack of prudence), work overload and fatigue (occupational emotional exhaustion, acute workload overload, night environment impact), imperfect communication mechanisms (deviations in medical order execution, failure of nursing operation coordination), and limitations of blood collection auxiliary equipment. Conclusion: Blood collection tube selection errors among ICU nurses during night shifts are influenced by inadequate implementation of operational standards, work fatigue, coordination failures, and shortcomings in blood collection auxiliary equipment. In clinical practice, it is recommended to enhance nurses’ prudence, optimize shift scheduling, improve communication mechanisms, and upgrade auxiliary tools to enhance the safety of blood collection during night shifts.