我国住院医师规范化培训临床技能教学研究热点与趋势——基于CiteSpace的文献计量学分析

Research Progress of Clinical Skills Teaching in China’s Standardised Residency Training—Based on CiteSpace Bibliometric Analyses

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在利用CiteSpace知识图谱技术，深入剖析国内住院医师规范化培训临床技能教学的研究现状、热点及发展趋势。方法：以中国知网为数据来源，结合文献计量学原理和CiteSpace可视化分析工具，对年度发文量、作者、研究机构及其合作网络进行全面分析。并通过术语共现、聚类分析、时区图和突发性检测等手段，多维度揭示该领域的研究动态和演化趋势。结果：研究共纳入535篇文献，分析表明该领域文献逐年增长，尤其2015年国家全面启动住院医师规范化培训后，研究数量激增，研究层次也不断深化。从研究机构分布来看，当前该领域的科研力量相对分散，尚未形成稳固且紧密的机构合作网络。此外，不同科室和专业在住培医生临床技能培训方面的投入存在明显差异，其中妇产科和儿科等领域的研究较为突出。现代教学方法如问题导向和案例分析法等正逐渐取代传统模式，模拟教学技术的普及也提升了培训效果。在评估体系方面，操作技能直接观察评估和迷你临床演练评估等评估方法的应用日益广泛。同时，为提升培训效果，胜任力、精益思维、分层递进等新型教学理念也被逐渐引入。结论：我国住院医师临床技能培训领域研究正逐渐成熟深入，但仍需加强合作与创新，以推动该领域的持续发展和优化。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to thoroughly analyse the current research status and development trends of clinical skills training for standardised residency training in China by using CiteSpace mapping technology. Methods: Using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) as a data source, combined with the bibliometrics and CiteSpace visualised tools, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the annual publication volumes, authors, research institutes and their collaborative networks. Research dynamics and evolutionary trends in the field were also revealed in a multi-dimensional way using terminology co-occurrence, cluster analysis, time zone maps and burst detection. Results: A total of 535 articles were included in the study, and the analysis showed that the literature in this field has been growing year by year, especially after the nationwide launch of standardised residency training in 2015. In distribution of research institutions, the current research strength in this field is relatively scattered and has not yet formed a solid and close institutional cooperation network. In addition, there are obvious differences among different departments, with research being more prominent in areas such as obstetrics and gynaecology and paediatrics. Modern teaching methods, such as problem-based and case study methods, are gradually replacing traditional models, and simulation teaching technology has also improved the effectiveness of training. In terms of the assessment system, assessment methods such as direct observation of procedural skills and mini-clinical evaluation exercise are increasingly used. At the same time, new teaching concepts such as competency, lean thinking and hierarchical progression have been gradually introduced in the training system. Conclusion: Research in the field of clinical skills training for residents in China is gradually maturing and deepening, but there is still a need to strengthen cooperation and innovation to promote the continuous development and optimisation of the field.