电子商务平台公开数据爬取的刑法规制研究

Research on Criminal Regulation of Publicly Available Data Scraping on E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: 如今电子商务高速发展，数据已成为平台的核心生产要素。公开数据爬取在电商价格监控、竞品分析等场景下频发，不仅引发了商业竞争争议，更对刑法规制体系提出了挑战。虽然爬取行为在技术上有中立性，但涉及电商平台权益的恶意爬取极易跨越民刑边界。公开数据作为被爬取对象，虽可被公众浏览，但因其仍有一定的法律保密性，故有些爬取仍可能侵害数据权益，甚至危害计算机信息系统安全。司法实践对这类行为采取刑民分治的规制策略，而面对爬取行为入罪标准模糊、数据权属不清等问题，应坚持技术中立与刑法谦抑性原则，同时完善量化危害评估体系，以实现数据流通与安全保护的平衡。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of rapid e-commerce development, data has become a core production factor for platforms. Public data scraping frequently occurs in scenarios such as e-commerce price monitoring and competitor analysis, sparking commercial competition disputes while challenging existing criminal regulatory frameworks. Although crawling activities possess technical neutrality, malicious scraping that infringes upon e-commerce platform rights readily crosses civil-criminal boundaries. While publicly available data may be accessible to the public, it retains certain legal confidentiality protections. Thus, scraping may still constitute infringement of data rights and even jeopardize computer information system security. Current judicial practice adopts a dual regulatory approach for criminal and civil remedies. To address issues like ambiguous criminalization thresholds and unclear data ownership, authorities should uphold the principles of technological neutrality and criminal restraint. They must prudently define the boundaries for criminal intervention while refining quantitative harm assessment systems to achieve a balance between data circulation and security protection.