面向低信噪比观测的小行星图像增强方法研究

Research on Image Enhancement Methods for Asteroids in Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio Observations

摘要: 针对南极观测环境中小行星图像信号微弱、背景噪声干扰明显以及多帧数据难以有效增强的问题，本文开展小行星图像增强方法研究。研究旨在提升弱小行星轨迹的可见性，并提高多帧观测数据的处理效率。本文设计并实现了一套从坐标统一、灰度增强、图像对齐到多帧叠加与标准化裁剪的完整图像增强流程，用于提升弱小行星轨迹的可见性并生成规范化数据。实验结果表明，该流程能够明显提升小行星条痕的清晰度和信噪比，同时具备批量自动运行能力。该方法为极端环境下天文观测数据的前端增强提供了有效的技术途径。

Abstract: Focusing on the problems of weak asteroid image signals, significant background noise interference, and the difficulty in effectively enhancing multi-frame data in the Antarctic observation environment, this study explores image enhancement methods for asteroids. The research aims to enhance the visibility of faint asteroid trajectories and improve the processing efficiency of multi-frame observation data. This paper designs and implements a complete image enhancement process, including coordinate unification, gray-scale enhancement, image alignment, multi-frame superposition, and standardized cropping, to enhance the visibility of faint asteroid trajectories and generate standardized data. Experimental results show that this process can significantly improve the clarity and signal-to-noise ratio of asteroid streaks, and it also has the ability to run automatically in batches. This method provides an effective technical approach for the front-end enhancement of astronomical observation data in extreme environments.