电离层扰动对桥梁CORS网定位精度研究

Research on the Positioning Accuracy of CORS Network for Bridges Affected by Ionospheric Disturbances

摘要: 带状CORS网络作为桥梁等线性工程控制网的替代方案，能够为沿线施工提供全天候高精度动态位置服务。磁暴期间，电离层异常活跃，加之带状CORS网构型狭长，定位精度较常规CORS网更容易衰减。本文利用西南地区某桥梁带状CORS网络2025年12月1日磁暴时期观测数据，分析磁暴对双差电离层延迟、三种电离层内插模型精度以及网内外测站定位性能的影响。结果表明：磁暴导致双差电离层延迟异常活跃，严重时可致基线解算失败；三种内插模型中，DIM模型精度最差，双差电离层内插值偏差小于1 cm仅占38.52%，LIM与LSC模型相对较优；磁暴发生后，网内与网外测站定位精度均大幅下降，其中网外测站精度衰减更为显著，平面精度在3 cm以上，高程精度约4.6 cm。研究结果可为磁暴环境下桥梁工程高精度测量作业的误差控制与时段选择提供参考。

Abstract: As an alternative to linear engineering control networks such as bridges, the strip-shaped CORS network can provide all-weather high-precision dynamic location services for construction along the line. During a geomagnetic storm, the ionosphere is abnormally active, and coupled with the narrow and elongated configuration of the strip CORS network, the positioning accuracy is more prone to decay compared to conventional CORS networks. This article uses the observation data of a bridge strip CORS network in Southwest China during the geomagnetic storm period on December 1, 2025, to analyze the impact of geomagnetic storms on the double difference ionospheric delay, the accuracy of three ionospheric interpolation models, and the positioning performance of stations inside and outside the network. The results indicate that geomagnetic storms cause abnormally active double difference ionospheric delay, which can lead to baseline calculation failure in severe cases. Among the three interpolation models, the DIM model has the worst accuracy, with a double difference ionospheric interpolation deviation of less than 1 cm accounting for only 38.52%. The LIM and LSC models are relatively better. After the occurrence of a geomagnetic storm, the positioning accuracy of both in-network and out-of-network stations decreased significantly, with the accuracy of out-of-network stations declining more significantly, with a plane accuracy of over 3 cm and an elevation accuracy of about 4.6 cm. The research results can provide reference for error control and time selection of high-precision measurement operations in bridge engineering under geomagnetic storm environments.