重庆市生命健康企业“质、量协同”的U型关系——基于创新要素调节效应的微观实证研究

The U-Shaped Relationship between “Quality and Quantity Synergy” in Chongqing’s Life and Health Enterprises—A Micro-Empirical Study Based on the Moderating Effect of Innovation Factors

摘要: 基于重庆市1718家生命健康产业企业的微观数据，构建综合实力评价体系，采用非径向SBM (Slacks-Based Measure Model)模型测度企业资源配置效率，并通过引入二次项的计量模型，实证检验综合实力对效率的非线性影响及创新要素的调节作用。结果表明：企业综合实力与资源配置效率之间呈现显著的“先降后升”U型关系，拐点位于综合实力得分0.6729处；当前高达98%的样本企业仍处于效率随实力提升而下降的“规模不经济”区间；创新要素虽对效率提升具有直接促进作用，但未对U型关系形态产生显著调节效应。研究发现，生命健康企业须跨越特定的综合实力门槛方能实现效率回升，小微型企业在这一过程中面临更为严峻的转型挑战。上述发现将资源基础观与规模经济理论的解释边界拓展至生命健康产业，从微观层面揭示了企业“质”与“量”协同演进的非线性机制，为理解产业由规模扩张向质量提升转型提供了新的分析视角，同时提出运用动态监测平台识别临近拐点企业、通过共享型基础设施降低小微企业发展门槛、建立创新投入与短期效率平衡的辅导机制等政策建议。

Abstract: Based on micro-level data from 1718 life and health industry enterprises in Chongqing, this study constructs a comprehensive strength evaluation system, employs a non-radial SBM (Slacks-Based Measure Model) to measure enterprise resource allocation efficiency, and empirically examines the nonlinear impact of comprehensive strength on efficiency as well as the moderating role of innovation factors through a quadratic-term econometric model. The results reveal a significant U-shaped relationship between comprehensive strength and resource allocation efficiency, characterized by an initial decline followed by a subsequent rise, with the inflection point located at a comprehensive strength score of 0.6729. Currently, up to 98% of the sample enterprises remain in the “diseconomies of scale” interval, where efficiency declines as strength increases. Although innovation factors directly promote efficiency improvement, they do not significantly moderate the U-shaped relationship. The findings indicate that life and health enterprises must surpass a specific comprehensive strength threshold to achieve efficiency recovery, with small and micro enterprises facing more severe transition challenges in this process. These findings extend the explanatory boundaries of the resource-based view and economies of scale theory to the life and health industry, reveal the nonlinear mechanism of the synergistic evolution between “quality” and “quantity” at the micro level, and provide a new analytical perspective for understanding the transition from scale expansion to quality improvement in the industry. Accordingly, this study proposes actionable policy recommendations, including the use of dynamic monitoring platforms to identify enterprises approaching the inflection point, the deployment of shared infrastructure to lower the development threshold for small and micro enterprises, and the establishment of guidance mechanisms to balance innovation investment with short-term efficiency.