任务厌恶对大学生拖延注意偏向的影响：来自眼动追踪的证据

The Effect of Task Aversion on Attentional Bias in College Students’ Procrastination: Evidence from Eye-Tracking

摘要: 拖延是指个体尽管预见到可能带来不利后果，仍自愿推迟计划性任务的行为，在大学生群体中尤为普遍。任务厌恶是引发拖延的关键认知因素，但其影响个体注意偏向的微观机制尚不明确。本研究采用眼动追踪技术，探讨不同任务厌恶水平对大学生拖延相关词汇注意偏向的影响。研究采用3 (任务厌恶水平：高、中、低) × 2 (词汇类型：拖延词汇、非拖延词汇)两因素被试内实验设计，选取35名大学生为被试，记录其平均注视时长、首次注视时长、注视点个数、首次注视前时长、反应时及正确率。结果发现：(1) 注视点个数上，任务厌恶水平主效应显著(F = 6.617, p < 0.05)，高厌恶情境下注视点个数更多；(2) 首次注视时长上，任务厌恶与词汇类型交互作用显著(F = 6.959, p < 0.05)，仅在高厌恶情境下，拖延词汇的首次注视时长显著短于非拖延词汇(t = −3.420, p < 0.001)；(3) 其他指标的主效应与交互效应均不显著。研究表明，拖延词汇的注意偏向具有情境依赖性，高任务厌恶情境下，拖延语义能更快捕获个体注意，而任务厌恶主要通过调节早期注意捕获速度而非后期加工深度来影响拖延行为。本研究为拖延的情绪调节理论提供了眼动证据，并为高校拖延干预提供了理论依据。

Abstract: Procrastination refers to the voluntary delay of planned tasks despite the anticipation of potential negative consequences, and it is particularly prevalent among college students. Task aversion is a key cognitive factor triggering procrastination, yet its underlying mechanism affecting attentional bias remains unclear. Using eye-tracking technology, this study investigated the influence of different levels of task aversion on college students’ attentional bias toward procrastination-related words. A 3 (task aversion: high, medium, low) × 2 (word type: procrastination words, non-procrastination words) within-subjects experimental design was adopted, with 35 college students as participants. Six indices were recorded: average fixation duration, first fixation duration, fixation count, time to first fixation, reaction time, and accuracy. The results showed that: (1) For fixation count, the main effect of task aversion level was significant (F = 6.617, p < 0.05), with more fixations in the high-aversion condition; (2) For first fixation duration, the interaction between task aversion and word type was significant (F = 6.959, p < 0.05). Specifically, only in the high-aversion condition was the first fixation duration significantly shorter for procrastination words than for non-procrastination words (t = −3.420, p < 0.001); (3) No significant main or interaction effects were found for the other indices. The findings indicate that attentional bias toward procrastination words is context-dependent. In high task-aversion situations, procrastination-related semantics capture attention more quickly, and task aversion influences procrastination mainly by regulating early attentional capture rather than later processing depth. This study provides eye-tracking evidence for the affect regulation theory of procrastination and offers a theoretical basis for procrastination interventions in college settings.