辽宁省渔民收入现状与增收途径分析

Analysis on the Current Income Situation and Income-Increasing Approaches of Fishermen in Liaoning Province

摘要: 辽宁省是我国北方重要的海洋渔业大省，兼具黄海、渤海海域资源、海岛岸线资源与沿海渔业产业基础，在全国海洋渔业格局中占有较为重要的地位。近年来，随着海洋生态保护制度趋严、近海资源约束强化、传统捕捞收益空间收窄以及渔业新业态加速成长，辽宁省渔民收入增长呈现出结构重组与区域分化并行的新特征。本文围绕辽宁省渔民收入现状及增收路径展开研究，利用渔业经济统计年鉴、渔民家庭收支调查数据，对新形势下辽宁省渔民收入情况进行了现状分析，研究认为，辽宁省渔民收入总体保持增长，但增长动力正在由单纯依赖传统渔业经营逐步转向经营收入、工资性收入与政策性支持共同驱动；家庭经营收入仍为主体，工资性收入的补充作用不断增强，而财产性收入占比偏低，收入韧性仍显不足。不同区域之间由于资源禀赋、产业结构、市场接入条件和组织化程度不同，渔民收入水平存在显著差异。本文进一步提出，提升辽宁省渔民收入的关键不在于短期补贴扩张，而在于通过优化渔业产业结构、提高人力资本水平、增强产业组织化与品牌化能力、完善保险与金融支持体系、推进海洋牧场和数字渔业建设，逐步形成可持续的增收机制。

Abstract: Liaoning Province, a major marine fishery region in northern China, possesses abundant marine resources, island-coastline advantages, and a solid coastal fishery foundation, holding a prominent position in the national marine fishery layout. In recent years, stringent marine ecological protection policies, tightening inshore resource constraints, shrinking profits from traditional fishing, and the rapid development of new fishery formats have led to new characteristics of structural restructuring and regional differentiation in fishermen’s income growth in Liaoning. This study investigates the current income status and income-increasing paths of local fishermen, using data from fishery economic statistical yearbooks and fishermen’s household income and expenditure surveys. The results indicate that fishermen’s income in Liaoning maintains an overall growth trend, with the growth driver shifting from sole dependence on traditional fishery operations to the joint impetus of operating income, wage income, and policy support. Household operating income remains the primary source, while wage income plays an increasingly supplementary role; however, the low proportion of property income results in insufficient income resilience. Significant regional disparities in income levels exist due to differences in resource endowments, industrial structures, market access, and organizationalization degrees. The research concludes that the key to sustainable income growth for Liaoning’s fishermen is not expanding short-term subsidies, but establishing a long-term mechanism through optimizing the fishery industrial structure, enhancing human capital, strengthening industrial organization and branding, improving insurance and financial support systems, and promoting marine ranching and digital fishery development.