乡村振兴视域下我国海洋渔业转型升级与农村增收机制研究

Research on the Transformation and Upgrading of China’s Marine Fisheries and the Mechanism of Rural Income Increase from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

摘要: 乡村振兴是新时代“三农”工作的总抓手，沿海乡村振兴的关键在于依托蓝色海洋资源做强特色乡村产业。海洋渔业作为我国沿海渔村最基础、最广泛、最具资源禀赋优势的支柱产业，承担着保障国家粮食安全、推动沿海产业升级、带动渔民稳定增收、维护渔区社会稳定的重要功能。近年来，在蓝色粮仓、海洋强国、数字乡村等多重战略叠加驱动下，我国海洋渔业加速告别“资源消耗型、粗放经营型”传统模式，逐步向绿色生态、智能高效、三产融合、品牌增值的现代渔业体系转型升级，产业结构持续优化、产业业态不断创新、渔民收入结构持续改善。但从乡村振兴高质量发展视角来看，当前海洋渔业转型升级仍面临近海渔业资源持续衰退、生态环境承载压力加大、产业价值链低端锁定、科技转化能力薄弱、经营主体组织化程度偏低、利益联结机制松散、乡村人才要素流失等深层次矛盾，直接制约沿海渔村产业兴旺与渔民持续增收。深度剖析渔业转型升级进程中的现实困境与成因机理，进一步阐释海洋渔业赋能沿海农村增收的四大核心机制，并结合新时代海洋农业发展趋势，从生态绿色转型、全产业链升级、数字科技赋能、新型主体培育、多元要素保障五个维度提出系统性优化路径。研究旨在破解传统渔业发展瓶颈，构建渔业提质、渔村增效、渔民增收的良性循环体系，为沿海地区依托海洋特色产业推进乡村全面振兴、助力沿海农村实现共同富裕提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Rural revitalization is the general focus of “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” work in the new era. The key to rural revitalization in coastal areas lies in relying on blue ocean resources to strengthen characteristic rural industries. As the most basic, extensive, and resource-endowed pillar industry in coastal fishing villages in China, marine fisheries play an important role in ensuring national food security, promoting the upgrading of coastal industries, driving stable income growth for fishermen, and maintaining social stability in fishing areas. In recent years, driven by multiple strategies such as the blue granary, maritime power, and digital villages, China’s marine fisheries have accelerated their transition away from the traditional “resource-consuming and extensive management” model, gradually transforming into a modern fishery system that is green, ecological, intelligent, efficient, integrates the tertiary industry, and enhances brand value. The industrial structure continues to be optimized, industrial forms are constantly innovated, and the income structure of fishermen continues to improve. However, from the perspective of high-quality development in rural revitalization, the current transformation and upgrading of marine fisheries still face deep-seated contradictions such as the continuous decline of offshore fishery resources, increasing pressure on the ecological environment, low-end locking in the industrial value chain, weak technology transformation capabilities, low organizational level of business entities, loose interest connection mechanisms, and the loss of rural talent elements, which directly restrict the prosperity of coastal fishing villages and the continuous income growth of fishermen. This study deeply analyzes the practical dilemmas and causal mechanisms in the process of fishery transformation and upgrading, further explains the four core mechanisms by which marine fisheries empower the income growth of coastal rural areas, and proposes a systematic optimization path from five dimensions: ecological green transformation, whole industry chain upgrading, digital technology empowerment, new entity cultivation, and multi-factor guarantee, in combination with the development trend of marine agriculture in the new era. The research aims to break the bottleneck of traditional fishery development, build a virtuous cycle system of improving fishery quality, enhancing fishing villages, and increasing fishermen’s income, providing theoretical support and practical reference for coastal areas to rely on marine characteristic industries to promote comprehensive rural revitalization and help coastal rural areas achieve common prosperity.