TOE理论视角下物流企业数字化转型驱动碳减排的多元实现路径

A TOE-Theory Perspective on the Multiple Pathways of Digital Transformation Driving Carbon Emission Reduction in Logistics Enterprises

摘要: 跟着“双碳”战略一步步落地推进，物流企业想要做到绿色低碳转型，最关键的就是精准管控、压缩运营全流程产生的碳排放总量。本文选了国内46家上市物流企业作为研究对象，利用TOE理论的分析框架，分别从技术赋能、组织支撑、外部环境这几个维度入手，用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)的方法，研究我国物流行业里数字化转型促进碳减排的多种实现路径。经过实证检验能发现，没有哪一个单独的前因变量，可以独自支撑企业做到高水平的碳减排，想要拿到理想的减排效果，需靠多维度条件一起配合、多条路径共同发力。结合组态分析最终的结果，本文又整理出四类比较有代表性的实现路径，分别是技术与组织协同联动型、规模与人才匹配支撑型、ESG主导搭配薄弱项补充型、全要素共同驱动型。这项研究理清了数字化转型影响物流企业碳减排过程中，复杂的耦合因果逻辑，可以为资源禀赋不同、发展阶段不通的物流企业设计绿色转型方案。

Abstract: As the “dual carbon” strategy progressively advances, the key for logistics enterprises to achieve a green and low-carbon transition lies in precisely controlling and reducing the total carbon emissions generated throughout their entire operational process. This study selects 46 listed logistics enterprises in China as the research sample, employs the TOE theoretical framework, and starts from the dimensions of technological empowerment, organizational support, and external environment. By using the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method, this paper investigates the multiple realization pathways through which digital transformation promotes carbon emission reduction in China’s logistics industry. Empirical results show that no single antecedent condition alone can support enterprises to achieve a high level of carbon emission reduction. Rather, achieving the desired emission reduction effect requires the coordination of multi-dimensional conditions and the joint action of multiple pathways. Based on the findings of the configurational analysis, this paper summarizes four representative pathways: technology-organization synergy type, scale-talent matching support type, ESG-led weakness-supplementing type, and total factor co-driven type. This research clarifies the complex coupling causal logic by which digital transformation affects carbon emission reduction in logistics enterprises, and provides a reference for designing green transformation strategies for logistics enterprises with different resource endowments and at different development stages.