微流控芯片分离检测循环肿瘤细胞研究进展
Advances in Microfluidic Chips for Separation and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells
DOI: 10.12677/ms.2026.167158, PDF,   
作者: 李久红, 李春涯*：中南民族大学，化学与材料科学学院，国家民族事务委员会分析化学重点实验室，湖北 武汉
关键词: 循环肿瘤细胞；微流控芯片；双模态检测；Circulating Tumor Cell； Microfluidic Chip； Dual-Mode Detection
摘要: 癌症是全球发病率与死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)作为液体活检的核心标志物，可无创反映肿瘤异质性与转移潜能，然而，由于CTCs在外周血中含量极低且易受血细胞干扰，因此亟需开发高效的富集与高灵敏度的检测技术。微流控芯片凭借微型化、集成化、低损伤等优势，成为CTCs分离检测的理想平台。文章系统综述肿瘤临床诊疗现状与CTCs生物学意义，分类阐述被动式(尺寸分离、惯性微流控、确定性侧向位移、粘弹性微流控)与主动式(介电泳、磁泳、声泳)微流控细胞分离原理、技术特点及应用进展；对比荧光成像、拉曼光谱、电化学、光电化学等CTCs检测方法的优劣，重点分析光电化学–荧光双模态检测的协同优势。在此基础上，总结当前微流控技术在CTCs富集纯度、检测灵敏度、临床适配性等方面的瓶颈，展望多物理场耦合、智能化集成、单细胞多组学分析等发展方向，以期为肿瘤早期无创诊断、精准分型及预后监测的微流控技术研发提供理论参考，推动液体活检技术向临床转化。
Abstract: Cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality worldwide. As a core biomarker for liquid biopsy, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can noninvasively reflect tumor heterogeneity and metastatic potential. However, CTCs are extremely scarce in peripheral blood and susceptible to interference from blood cells, creating an urgent demand for efficient enrichment and highly sensitive detection techniques. Microfluidic chips have become an ideal platform for CTC separation and detection owing to their advantages of miniaturization, integration, and low cell damage. This paper systematically reviews the current status of clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer and the biological significance of CTCs, classifies and elaborates the principles, technical characteristics, and application progress of passive microfluidic cell separation (size-based separation, inertial microfluidics, deterministic lateral displacement, viscoelastic microfluidics) and active microfluidic cell separation (dielectrophoresis, magnetophoresis, acoustophoresis). It compares the merits and drawbacks of CTC detection methods, including fluorescence imaging, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and photoelectrochemistry, with emphasis on the synergistic advantages of photoelectrochemical-fluorescence dual-mode detection. Furthermore, it summarizes the current bottlenecks of microfluidic technologies in CTC enrichment purity, detection sensitivity, and clinical adaptability, and prospects the future directions such as multiphysical field coupling, intelligent integration, and single-cell multi-omics analysis. This review aims to provide a theoretical reference for the development of microfluidic technologies for early noninvasive diagnosis, precise typing, and prognosis monitoring of cancer, and to promote the clinical translation of liquid biopsy techniques.
文章引用：李久红, 李春涯. 微流控芯片分离检测循环肿瘤细胞研究进展[J]. 材料科学, 2026, 16(7): 81-96. https://doi.org/10.12677/ms.2026.167158

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