基于CdS/CdSe/PANI纳米复合材料构建超级 电容器及其性能研究

Fabrication of Supercapacitors Based on CdS/CdSe/PANI Nanocomposites and Their Performance Study

摘要: 文章采用原位化学氧化聚合法制备CdS/CdSe/PANI三元纳米复合电极材料，用于构建超级电容器储能体系。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对复合材料的微观形貌与晶体结构进行系统表征，并借助循环伏安法(CV)、计时电位法(CP)及交流阻抗法(EIS)等电化学测试手段，全面评估所构建超级电容器的储能性能。实验结果表明，该三元复合材料呈现典型的核壳包覆结构，聚苯胺(PANI)所构建的连续导电网络与CdS、CdSe半导体纳米粒子的赝电容效应形成协同作用，显著提升电极储能性能。在5 mol/L KOH电解液中，当电流密度为1 A/g时，电极比电容可达587.03 F/g；电流密度提升至10 A/g时，比电容仍能保持355.65 F/g，展现出良好的倍率性能。经间隔7天充放电循环测试后，最终电容保留率为57.5%；1200次充放电循环后仍保持初始比电容的50%，表明该复合材料具备优异的电化学性能与循环稳定性，在超级电容器电极材料领域具有潜在的应用价值。

Abstract: CdS/CdSe/PANI ternary nanocomposite electrode materials were prepared by in-situ chemical oxidation polymerization for the construction of a supercapacitor energy storage system. The microstructure and crystal structure of the composites were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The energy storage performance of the constructed supercapacitors was comprehensively evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results show that the ternary composite material exhibits a typical core-shell coating structure. The continuous conductive network constructed by polyaniline (PANI) has a synergistic effect with the pseudocapacitance effect of CdS and CdSe semiconductor nanoparticles, which significantly improves the energy storage performance of the electrode. In a 5 mol/L KOH electrolyte, when the current density is 1 A/g, the electrode specific capacitance can reach 587.03 F/g; when the current density is increased to 10 A/g, the specific capacitance can still maintain 355.65 F/g, showing good rate performance. After 7 days of charge-discharge cycle test, the final capacitance retention rate is 57.5%. After 1200 charge-discharge cycles, it still maintains 50% of the initial specific capacitance, indicating that the composite material has excellent electrochemical performance and cycle stability, and has potential application value in the field of supercapacitor electrode materials.