孔子“仁”与亚里士多德“德性”思想比较研究——以美德伦理学为中心

A Comparative Study on Confucius’ “Ren” and Aristotle’s “Virtue”—Centered on Virtue Ethics

摘要: 孔子与亚里士多德分别是古代中国与古希腊伦理思想史上最具开创意义的哲学家，二者身处相近的历史时代，均以德性的培育与人格的完善作为伦理思考的核心。在当代美德伦理学复兴的学术背景下，对孔子之“仁”与亚里士多德之“德性”进行系统比较，不仅有助于深化对两种伦理传统的理解，亦能为跨文化道德哲学的对话提供坚实的理论基础。本文从概念内涵、实践方法论、德性养成路径及社会伦理秩序建构等维度展开比较分析，揭示二者在关注人的品质完善这一根本取向上的深层契合，以及在实现方式、社会基础和终极理想方面的显著差异，进而探讨其对当代美德伦理学发展的启示意义。

Abstract: Confucius and Aristotle are the most pioneering philosophers in the history of ethical thought in ancient China and ancient Greece respectively. Living in similar historical periods, both took the cultivation of virtue and the perfection of personality as the core of their ethical thinking. In the academic background of the revival of contemporary virtue ethics, a systematic comparison between Confucius’ “Ren” and Aristotle’s “Virtue” not only helps to deepen the understanding of the two ethical traditions, but also provides a solid theoretical basis for the dialogue of cross-cultural moral philosophy. This paper conducts a comparative analysis from the dimensions of conceptual connotation, practical methodology, the path of virtue cultivation, and the construction of social ethical order, revealing the deep fit between the two in the fundamental orientation of focusing on the perfection of human character, as well as the significant differences in the mode of realization, social basis, and ultimate ideal, and then explores its enlightenment significance for the development of contemporary virtue ethics.