“一般智力”资本化视域下人工智能对劳动者主体地位的消解与重塑

The Dissolution and Reshaping of Laborers’ Subjective Status by Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Capitalization of “General Intellect”

摘要: 人工智能作为马克思“一般智力”在数智时代物化的最新形式，其在资本私有制框架下转变为数智固定资本与统治活劳动的“死知识”，它在以下三方面隐蔽地消解着劳动者的主体地位：一是在所有制层面数字资本通过相关基础设施垄断并剥夺社会整体智慧结晶；二是在劳动能力层面它引发了劳动者去技能化与认知退化；三是在社会结构层面，全球数字分工加剧了数智阶层固化。为了在当代实现劳动者主体地位的重塑，应当推进所有制变革与人工智能技术开源共享，实现这种智慧结晶的社会化复归；同时构建超出资本逻辑控制的认知正义机制以促进人的劳动能力同数字化趋势相适应；最后通过社会分工的重组与促进无产阶级的新型政治联合来重塑阶级结构，最终将人工智能转化为确证人类本质力量的社会化的一般智力，以自由时间为财富尺度推动向自由王国迈进。

Abstract: As the latest form of objectification of Marx’s “general intellect” in the digital-intelligent era, artificial intelligence transforms into digital-intelligent fixed capital and “dead knowledge” that dominates living labor under the framework of private ownership of capital. It covertly dissolves the subjective status of laborers in three dimensions: first, at the level of ownership, digital oligarchs deprive the crystallization of social wisdom through infrastructure monopoly and recursive data capture; second, at the level of labor capacity, it triggers deskilling and cognitive degradation; third, at the level of social structure, the global digital division of labor intensifies digital-intelligent stratification. To reshape the subjective status of laborers in the contemporary era, it is necessary to advance ownership transformation and open-source sharing to realize the socialized return of the crystallization of wisdom. Furthermore, a human-machine collaborative mechanism of cognitive justice should be constructed to reconstruct labor capacity, and class status should be reshaped by reorganizing the social division of labor and promoting the political alliance between mental and manual proletariats. Ultimately, artificial intelligence will be transformed into a socialized general intellect that confirms human essential forces, driving the transition toward the “realm of freedom” with free time as the true measure of wealth.