篮球运动员前交叉韧带断裂后积极康复与二次损伤预防策略研究

A Study on Active Rehabilitation and Secondary Injury Prevention Strategies for Basketball Players with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture

摘要: 前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂是篮球项目高发重度运动损伤，会显著损害运动员运动能力、压缩职业运动周期，术后规范化康复与二次损伤防控是运动员安全重返赛场的核心保障。本文系统梳理篮球运动损伤、ACL术后康复相关文献，阐释篮球运动员ACL断裂的损伤发生机制与专项损伤特征，构建适配篮球竞技需求的分阶段、靶向化康复体系，识别诱发二次损伤的多元风险因素，并配套分层防控策略。研究成果可为篮球运动员损伤后康复训练、赛场回归、延长运动寿命提供理论依据与实操方案，推动运动医学、篮球专项训练领域损伤防控体系完善。

Abstract: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a severe and prevalent sports injury among basketball athletes, which severely impairs athletic performance and shortens professional careers. Standardized postoperative rehabilitation and secondary injury prevention are the core prerequisites for athletes to safely return to competition. Based on domestic literature regarding basketball injuries and ACL rehabilitation, this paper elaborates the injury mechanism and sport-specific characteristics of ACL rupture in basketball players, establishes a phased and targeted rehabilitation system tailored to basketball competition demands, identifies multi-dimensional risk factors for secondary ACL injury, and proposes hierarchical prevention countermeasures. The research conclusions can provide theoretical support and practical training schemes for rehabilitation, return-to-sport assessment and career extension of injured basketball players, and further improve the injury prevention system in sports medicine and basketball training.