智慧健康养老背景下老年人数字健康养老困境与社会工作赋能研究

Research on the Dilemma of Elderly Digital Health Care and Social Work Empowerment under the Background of Smart Health Care for the Aged

摘要: 在我国老龄化程度不断加深、数字技术快速融入养老领域的大背景下，智慧健康养老逐渐成为提升老年人健康水平的重要方式。而数字健康素养，正是老年人能否真正使用智能设备、享受线上健康服务的关键能力。本文基于相关文献研究，以社会排斥理论、健康社会决定因素理论和增能理论为核心分析框架，系统分析当前老年人在使用数字健康服务时遇到的现实困境，并从社会结构、家庭支持、文化观念、政策环境等方面解释其形成原因。研究发现，老年人数字健康素养不足并非单纯的个人学习能力欠缺，而是由结构性资源分配不均、代际支持弱化、社区服务供给不足与制度性数字排斥共同导致的系统性社会问题。本文结合社会工作专业方法，从个体增能、家庭支持、社区营造、社会政策倡导四个方面提出社会工作介入路径，帮助老年人跨越数字鸿沟，更好地融入智慧健康养老体系，实现健康老龄化与社会公平。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging and the extensive application of digital technologies in elderly care across China, smart health and elderly care has emerged as a key means to improve older adults’ health conditions. Digital health literacy is the core capability enabling the elderly to use smart devices and access online health services. Based on relevant literature, this paper takes social exclusion theory, social determinants of health theory and empowerment theory as the analytical framework to examine the practical difficulties faced by the elderly in accessing digital health services and explore relevant causes from the dimensions of social structure, family support, cultural concepts and policy environment. The study indicates that the deficiency in the elderly’s digital health literacy is not simply attributed to individual learning limitations, but a systematic social problem resulted from uneven distribution of structural resources, declining intergenerational support, inadequate community services and institutional digital exclusion. Combining professional social work methods, this paper puts forward intervention approaches in terms of individual empowerment, family support, community construction and social policy advocacy. It intends to help the elderly bridge the digital divide, fully integrate into the smart health and elderly care system, and realize healthy aging and social equity.