农村物流资源配置与农产品流通效率的关联特征及布局优化——基于河南省西华县的实证研究

Correlation Characteristics and Layout Optimization of Rural Logistics Resource Allocation and Agricultural Product Circulation Efficiency—An Empirical Study Based on Xihua County, Henan Province

摘要: 农村物流资源配置的均衡性直接影响农产品流通效率与农业现代化进程。本文以河南省西华县17个乡镇为研究对象，构建了5个维度15项指标的评价体系，采用AHP-熵权组合赋权法测算各乡镇资源配置水平得分，并引入DEMATEL法作为指标体系结构分析的辅助工具，通过分组对比与相关分析检验资源配置水平与流通效率的关联，并基于整数规划验证布局优化效果，进行测算研究。研究发现：西华县各乡镇物流资源配置水平呈现显著空间分异，红花集镇(0.782)与西夏亭镇(0.743)得分最高，西华营镇(0.298)最低；资源配置水平高分组与低分组的生鲜流通损耗率分别为10.87%与19.63%，相差8.76个百分点，二者呈显著负相关(r = −0.687, p < 0.01)；以资源配置水平最优乡镇布局冷链节点，平均配送半径从37.85 km缩短至18.70 km，综合成本降低37.34%，年碳排放减少52.07%。建议县域冷链物流资源配置调整优化县城集中模式，在生鲜主产乡镇优先布局产地冷链节点。

Abstract: The balance of rural logistics resource allocation directly affects the circulation efficiency of agricultural products and the process of agricultural modernization. Taking 17 townships in Xihua County, Henan Province as the research object, this paper constructs an evaluation system covering 5 dimensions and 15 indicators. The AHP-entropy combined weighting method is adopted to calculate the score of logistics resource allocation level of each township, and the DEMATEL method is introduced to assist analyzing the structural relationship of the indicator system. Group comparison and correlation analysis are applied to test the correlation between resource allocation level and circulation efficiency, and integer programming is used to verify and calculate the optimization effect of node layout. The results show that there is an obvious spatial differentiation in the logistics resource allocation level across townships in Xihua County: Honghuaji Town (0.782) and Xixiating Town (0.743) rank the highest, while Xihuaying Town (0.298) ranks the lowest. The fresh agricultural product circulation loss rates of the high and low resource allocation groups are 10.87% and 19.63% respectively, with a gap of 8.76 percentage points, and the two indicators are significantly negatively correlated (r = −0.687, p < 0.01). Deploying cold chain nodes in townships with optimal resource allocation shortens the average distribution radius from 37.85 km to 18.70 km, cuts comprehensive costs by 37.34%, and reduces annual carbon emissions by 52.07%. It is suggested that the county-wide cold chain logistics resource allocation should abandon the centralized urban layout mode and prioritize the construction of origin cold chain nodes in major fresh produce towns.