马克思主义社会科学方法论的当代价值与实践路径研究

A Study on the Contemporary Value and Practical Path of Marxist Social Science Methodology

摘要: 马克思主义社会科学方法论是马克思主义理论体系的精髓所在，它以历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义为根基，构建了一套从实践出发、透过现象看本质、在矛盾运动中把握社会发展的科学分析框架。本文以《马克思主义与社会科学方法论》为核心文本，系统梳理了其以“社会存在决定社会意识”为逻辑起点的理论根基，深刻阐释了其“批判与建构相统一”、“实践导向”和“人民主体性”的鲜明特质。文章重点论证了该方法论在辨析当代西方社会思潮、为中国特色哲学社会科学体系构建提供科学的世界观与方法论引领、锚定本土化学术建设发展方向以及应对全球性挑战中所展现的不可替代的当代价值。进而，本文从“跨学科融合”、“话语体系创新”、“数字时代的方法论调适”以及“教育传播深化”四个维度，提出了推动马克思主义方法论实现创造性转化与创新性发展的实践路径。研究表明，马克思主义社会科学方法论并非僵化的教条，而是一个开放的、发展的体系，唯有坚持其基本原理并与具体实践相结合，才能使其在新时代焕发出强大的理论生命力与实践指导力。

Abstract: Marxist social science methodology is the essence of the Marxist theoretical system. Rooted in historical materialism and dialectical materialism, it constructs a scientific analytical framework that starts from practice, sees through phenomena to the essence, and grasps social development in the movement of contradictions. This paper takes Marxism and Social Science Methodology as its core text, systematically reviewing its theoretical foundation, which takes “social existence determines social consciousness” as its logical starting point, and profoundly elucidating its distinctive characteristics of “unity of critique and construction”, “practice orientation”, and “people’s subjectivity”. The paper focuses on demonstrating the irreplaceable contemporary value of this methodology in analyzing contemporary Western social trends, providing a scientific worldview and methodological guidance for the construction of a philosophy and social science system with Chinese characteristics, anchoring the development direction of localized academic construction, and addressing global challenges. Furthermore, this paper proposes practical paths to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Marxist methodology from four dimensions: “interdisciplinary integration”, “discourse system innovation”, “methodological adaptation in the digital age”, and “deepening of education and dissemination”. Research shows that Marxist social science methodology is not a rigid dogma, but an open and developing system. Only by adhering to its basic principles and combining them with concrete practice can it demonstrate strong theoretical vitality and practical guiding power in the new era.