基于层次分析法的初中数学核心能力培养策略权重研究

Study on Weighting of Core Competency Cultivation Strategies in Junior High School Mathematics Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

摘要: 为探索初中数学课堂教学中核心素养落地的有效路径，以初中生数学核心能力培养策略为研究对象，基于新课标视角构建由目标层、准则层(4项一级指标)和方案层(16项二级指标)组成的递阶结构模型。通过对一线资深教师与教研员开展问卷调查，运用层次分析法(AHP)量化推导。结果表明：在准则层中，学习习惯与基础知识被赋予最高权重；在方案层综合总排序中，规范草稿与错题整理习惯、强化概念本质理解全局权重高度接近，共同构成了权重最高的第一梯队。本文基于量化数据，明确了初中数学核心能力培养的关键策略，提出了优化资源配置的决策建议，旨在帮助教师破解多维目标难以实现平衡的困境，从而更有效地提升学生的数学核心能力。

Abstract: To explore effective pathways for implementing core competencies in junior high school mathematics classrooms, this study focuses on the cultivation strategies for students’ core mathematical abilities. From the perspective of the new curriculum standards, a hierarchical structure model was constructed, comprising a criteria layer (4 first-level indicators) and an alternative layer (16 second-level indicators). Through questionnaire surveys conducted with frontline senior teachers and educational researchers, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed for quantitative analysis and derivation. The results indicate that, within the criteria layer, learning habits and fundamental knowledge were assigned the highest weights. At the solution-level comprehensive ranking, establishing good habits in drafting and reviewing mistakes, as well as deepening the understanding of fundamental concepts, share nearly identical global weights, jointly constituting the highest-weighted first tier. Based on the quantitative data, this study constructs a decision-making path map for precision teaching in junior high school mathematics and proposes comprehensive decision-making recommendations for optimizing the allocation of teaching resources. This research aims to help teachers overcome the dilemma of balancing multidimensional goals, thereby more effectively improving students’ core competencies in mathematics.