数字时代自由时间的现实困境及其超越——基于马克思自由时间理论

The Realistic Dilemmas of Free Time in the Digital Age and Their Transcendence—Based on Marx’s Theory of Free Time

摘要: 数字技术的发展不断提升社会生产效率，为缩短必要劳动时间、增加自由时间创造了物质条件。然而，在数字资本逻辑主导下，技术进步并未真正促进人的自由全面发展，反而使劳动时间持续向生活领域延伸，自由时间呈现出劳动化、消费化和娱乐化的发展趋向。马克思自由时间理论揭示了自由时间与人的全面发展之间的内在统一关系，为审视数字时代自由时间异化提供了重要理论依据。立足于马克思自由时间理论，分析数字时代自由时间异化的现实表现及其生成机制，并从技术发展、制度保障和价值重塑三个维度探索自由时间回归人的发展路径，以期推动数字时代人的自由全面发展。

Abstract: The advancement of digital technology continuously enhances social productivity, creating material conditions to reduce necessary working hours and increase free time. However, under the dominance of digital capital logic, technological progress has not genuinely fostered the free and comprehensive development of individuals. Instead, it has extended working hours into the realm of daily life, leading to a trend where free time becomes increasingly labor-oriented, consumption-driven, and entertainment-focused. Marx’s theory of free time reveals the intrinsic unity between free time and the all-round development of individuals, providing a crucial theoretical foundation for examining the alienation of free time in the digital era. Based on Marx’s theory of free time, this study analyzes the real manifestations and mechanisms of free time alienation in the digital era, exploring pathways for free time to return to human development from three dimensions: technological progress, institutional safeguards, and value reconstruction, with the aim of promoting the free and comprehensive development of individuals in the digital age.