“工具人”话语的隐喻逻辑与青年劳动观念重塑——基于马克思异化劳动理论的分析

The Metaphorical Logic of the Discourse of “Tool Man” and the Reshaping of Youth Labor Concepts—Analysis Based on Marx’s Theory of Alienated Labor

摘要: “工具人”作为近年来在青年群体中广泛传播的网络流行语，折射出青年人在既定社会结构中的复杂工具心态和劳动观念变迁的话语症候。以马克思异化劳动理论为分析框架，考察“工具人”话语的隐喻逻辑及其对青年劳动观念的影响机制。研究发现，“工具人”话语通过“人即工具”的本体隐喻、“劳动即工具性操作”的结构隐喻和“价值即功能性实现”的定向隐喻三重逻辑，建构了一套将劳动者降格为工具、将劳动还原为功能实现的话语体系。这一话语体系在深层结构上与马克思所揭示的异化劳动的四重规定性：劳动者与劳动产品的异化、劳动行为本身的异化、人的类本质的异化以及人与人关系的异化形成理论上的呼应。在此基础上，本文以马克思“创造性劳动”为价值坐标，从确立劳动的主体性地位、澄明劳动的价值创造本质、重建劳动的共同体维度三个层面推进青年劳动观念的重塑。

Abstract: “Tool man”, as a widely spread internet slang among young people in recent years, reflects the discourse symptoms of the complex tool mentality and labor concept changes of young people in the established social structure. Using Marx’s theory of alienated labor as an analytical framework, this study examines the metaphorical logic of the discourse of “tool man” and its impact mechanism on young people’s labor concepts. Research has found that the discourse of “tool man” constructs a discourse system that reduces laborers to tools and restores labor to functional realization through a triple logic of ontological metaphor of “man as tool”, structural metaphor of “labor as instrumental operation”, and directional metaphor of “value as functional realization”. This discourse system corresponds to the four fold normativity of alienated labor revealed by Marx in deep structure: the alienation of laborers and labor products, the alienation of labor behavior itself, the alienation of human nature, and the theoretical formation of alienation in interpersonal relationships. On this basis, this article takes Marx’s “creative labor” as the value coordinate, and promotes the reshaping of youth labor concepts from three aspects: establishing the subjectivity of labor, clarifying the value creation essence of labor, and rebuilding the community dimension of labor.