黑枸杞的保健功能与药用价值应用研究进展

Health Benefits of Black Barbary Wolfberry and Research Progress in Its Applications for Medicine and Food

摘要: 黑枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murray)是茄科枸杞属多年生灌木植物，主要分布于我国西北干旱及半干旱地区，是我国西部地区特有的药食两用植物资源。近年来研究表明，黑枸杞富含多糖、花青素、黄酮类化合物、多酚类、生物碱等多种生物活性成分，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗疲劳、降血糖、降血脂、免疫调节、神经保护、肝脏保护等多种保健功能。文章系统综述了黑枸杞的主要活性成分、提取纯化方法、保健功能特性及其在食品、医药、包装材料等领域的应用研究进展，重点阐述了花青素和多糖两大核心活性成分的作用机制，分析了不同产地、不同提取工艺对活性成分含量及生物活性的影响，探讨了黑枸杞在功能性食品、药品、智能包装材料等领域的开发应用现状，并对黑枸杞产业的未来发展前景进行了展望，以期为黑枸杞资源的深度开发利用提供理论参考。

Abstract: Black barbary wolfberry (Lycium ruthenicum Murray) is a perennial shrub belonging to the genus Lycium of the Solanaceae family, primarily distributed in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China, serving as a unique dual-purpose medicinal and edible plant resource in western China. Recent studies have demonstrated that black barbary wolfberry is rich in various bioactive components such as polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids, exhibiting multiple health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. This article provides a systematic review of the main active constituents, extraction and purification methods, health functional properties, and application advancements of black barbary wolfberry in food, pharmaceuticals, and packaging materials. It focuses on elucidating the mechanisms of action of the two core active components—anthocyanins and polysaccharides—analyzes the impact of different cultivation sites and extraction techniques on active ingredient content and biological activity, examines current developments in its applications for functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and smart packaging materials, and outlines future prospects for the black barbary wolfberry industry, aiming to provide theoretical references for the comprehensive utilization of this resource.