“加速社会”中的异化之“新”——从马克思到罗萨

The “New” Alienation in the “Acceleration Society” —From Marx to Rosa

摘要: 马克思对异化问题的研究启迪了众多西方马克思主义者，其中有法兰克福学派新锐罗萨。罗萨在马克思异化思想基础上提出“加速社会”诞生了“新”异化。相较于马克思，罗萨异化之“新”第一体现在异化境域更迭：学理基础大为丰富，时代背景深刻变化，社会加速发生质变。第二体现在异化症候更新：新异化是一幅全方位异化图景，本质在于主体与世界无法对话，性质在于异化不再具伦理之恶而具存在必要性。第三体现在扬弃异化路径更换：不同于马克思以无产阶级革命扬弃异化、实现人的自由全面发展，罗萨提出迈入“后增长社会”实现主体与世界的共鸣。总体而言，罗萨的新异化思想理论价值很高，但扬弃路径因忽视资本逻辑而缺乏实践价值。

Abstract: Marx’s research on alienation has inspired many Western Marxists, including Hartmut Rosa of the Frankfurt School. Based on Marx’s theory, Rosa holds that the “acceleration society” gives rise to “new” alienation. Its “newness” lies in three aspects: the renewal of the alienation context (with a richer theoretical foundation and the qualitative change of social acceleration); the renewal of alienation symptoms (a comprehensive picture of alienation, where the subject cannot engage in dialogue with the world, and alienation shifts from an ethical evil to an existential necessity); and the shift in the path of sublation (from proletarian revolution to a “post-growth society” for resonance between subject and world). Overall, Rosa’s theory has value, but its path of sublation lacks practical value due to the neglect of capital logic.