数字资本主义时代数字劳动异化问题审思——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》异化劳动理论

Reflections on the Alienation of Digital Labor in the Era of Digital Capitalism—Based on the Theory of Alienated Labor in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

摘要: 在数字资本与数字技术不断交织融合的时代背景下，数字劳动异化已经成为数字时代无法回避的议题。数字劳动异化是资本主义剥削制度在数字技术条件下的具象化，延续了马克思异化劳动理论的内在逻辑。为此有必要立足马克思异化劳动理论，深入剖析批判数字资本主义条件下的劳动异化现象及其背后的资本主义制度本身，揭示数字劳动异化的表征与生成机理。在此基础上，结合我国数字经济治理实践，从所有制改革、算法制度规范、劳动者主体培育、全球数字治理协作四维提出系统性消解路径，力求推动数字技术摆脱资本逻辑裹挟，回归服务于人自由全面发展的本真价值。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the continuous integration of digital capital and digital technologies, the alienation of digital labor has become an unavoidable issue in the digital era. As the concrete manifestation of capitalist exploitation under digital technological conditions, the alienation of digital labor inherits the internal logic of Marx’s theory of alienated labor. Therefore, based on Marx’s theory of alienated labor, it is necessary to profoundly analyze and criticize the phenomenon of labor alienation under digital capitalism as well as the capitalist system behind it, and reveal the manifestations and formation mechanism of digital labor alienation. On this basis, combined with the practice of digital economy governance in China, this paper proposes a systematic solution from four dimensions: reform of the ownership system, regulation of algorithmic systems, cultivation of workers’ subjectivity, and collaboration on global digital governance. It aims to free digital technologies from the domination of capital logic and return them to their essential value of serving people’s free and all-round development.