搭子社交的内涵、表征及改善策略——基于滕尼斯共同体理论视角

Dazi Socializing: Connotations, Characteristics, and Improvement Strategies—From the Perspective of Tönnies’ Theory of Community

摘要: 近年来，“饭搭子”、“旅游搭子”等新型社交模式在青年群体中流行，被统称为搭子社交。通过滕尼斯共同体与社会的理论框架，可以对搭子社交这一现象进行分析。从生成机制来说，搭子社交本质上是选择意志主导下的理性产物，具有精准匹配，边界清晰和去情感化等典型的社会特征。与基于本质意志的传统友谊不同，搭子社交将个体的特定功能从整体人格中剥离，构建了一种契约化的亲密。同时，这种社交形态反映了现代青年人在渴望陪伴与维护个人空间之间的调适。搭子社交在降低社交门槛、提供即时性社会支持与保护个体边界等方面具有积极功能，可视为青年群体应对社会变迁的一种适应性策略。当然，通过工具理性的手段建立的情感联系也存在着脆弱性和浅表性的特征，需要关注其对青年人交往模式的潜在影响。应通过价值认知引导，社会信任重构及平台规范治理等多维路径，帮助青年在原子化生存处境中寻求工具理性与价值理性的良性平衡。

Abstract: In recent years, emerging forms of social interaction such as “meal buddies” and “travel buddies” have become popular among young people and are collectively referred to as “dazi” socializing. This phenomenon can be analyzed through Tönnies’ theoretical framework of community and society. In terms of its formation mechanism, “dazi” socializing is essentially a rational product driven by choice-based will, displaying typical societal characteristics such as precise matching, clear boundaries, and emotional detachment. Unlike traditional friendship, which is based on essential will, “dazi” socializing separates specific individual functions from the whole personality and constructs a form of contractual intimacy. At the same time, this mode of social interaction reflects how modern young people negotiate between their desire for companionship and their need to preserve personal space. “Dazi” socializing serves positive functions by lowering the threshold for social interaction, providing immediate social support, and protecting individual boundaries; it can therefore be regarded as an adaptive strategy through which young people respond to social change. Nevertheless, emotional connections established through instrumental rationality may also be fragile and superficial, and their potential effects on young people’s patterns of interpersonal interaction warrant attention. Through multidimensional approaches, including value-oriented guidance, the reconstruction of social trust, and standardized platform governance, young people should be supported in seeking a constructive balance between instrumental rationality and value rationality amid conditions of atomized existence.