用微流体惯性冲击器过滤安全壳内气溶胶的研究

Research on Aerosol Filtration in Containment Vessel by MEMS Inertial Impactor

摘要: 核电站出现严重核事故时，反应堆安全壳内的放射性气溶胶将迅速增加，一旦释放于大气环境中将带来严重后果，增大事故的危险性，故需使用相应的过滤吸附装置避免此种放射性气溶胶向大气中扩散。现有的反应堆安全壳内气溶胶过滤器大多数为网状结构，需要定时更换滤纸，且气溶胶在滤纸上的沉积会影响事故情况下的泄压。本文研究、设计了一个不需更换滤纸即可收集过滤安全壳内气溶胶的微流体惯性冲击式气溶胶过滤器(简称MEMS过滤器)，并用模拟试验验证了该设想的可行性。

Abstract: When there is a serious nuclear accident, the concentration of radioactive aerosols in the con-tainment will increase rapidly. It will increase the risk of accident and cause a serious damage to the atmospheric environment if such radioactive aerosols directly release. So the filter used for adsorbing radioactive aerosols is necessary. The common aerosol filters use mesh structures or filter papers, which need filter papers replacement and can significantly increase the flow resis-tance in the course of aerosol deposition and retard the containment pressure relief following the nuclear accidents. This paper proposes and studies MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) in-ertial impactor filter that filtrates and collects radioactive aerosols without replacing filter papers. The paper verifies the feasibility of the idea with help of the calculation results.