云南省9个景区热气球旅游观光的气象适宜性评估与区域优选研究

Meteorological Suitability Assessment and Regional Optimization of Hot Air Balloon Tourism in Nine Scenic Areas of Yunnan Province

摘要: 热气球旅游作为低空休闲旅游的重要形式，其发展高度依赖气象条件。本研究选取云南省9个热气球旅游潜力景区为研究对象，以2014~2024年ERA5再分析气象数据为基础，基于空间降尺度与多要素地形校正构建景区尺度精细化气象数据，结合热气球飞行安全要求制定多要素综合阈值可飞日判定标准，构建综合评估体系，系统分析9个景区可飞日的数量、季节分布及最长连续可飞日特征。结果表明：云南热气球旅游可飞日整体呈现冬春季多、夏秋季少的季节特征，以干季稳定的气象条件为核心飞行期。景区间可飞日差异显著，泸沽湖、傣族园年平均可飞日达114天以上，元阳哈尼梯田仅63天。9个景区可划分为三级适宜性等级，一级适宜区(泸沽湖、傣族园)气象条件最优，年均可飞日数量多且连续可飞性强；二级适宜区(抚仙湖、民族村、普者黑)气象条件良好，可飞日规模与稳定性兼具；三级适宜区(桃源坝、哈尼梯田、太平湖、邵女坪)气象条件一般，可飞日分散且连续飞行窗口短。研究结果为云南省热气球旅游观光的科学选址、运营时段规划及气象保障体系建设提供量化依据与实践参考。

Abstract: As an important form of low-altitude leisure tourism, hot air balloon tourism is highly dependent on meteorological conditions. To clarify the spatial differentiation characteristics of meteorological suitability for hot air balloon tourism in Yunnan, this study selected 9 potential scenic spots for hot air balloon tourism in Yunnan Province. Based on ERA5 reanalysis meteorological data from 2014 to 2024, a refined scenic-scale meteorological dataset was constructed through spatial downscaling and multi-factor terrain correction. Combined with the safety requirements of hot air balloon flight, a multi-factor comprehensive threshold criterion for flyable days was formulated. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation system including the number of flyable days, adaptability of core meteorological elements, stability of flyable periods, and temporal continuity was constructed to systematically analyze the number, seasonal distribution and characteristics of the longest consecutive flyable days of the 9 popular scenic spots. The analytic hierarchy process was used to complete the quantitative evaluation of meteorological suitability. The K-means clustering algorithm was applied to classify the suitability levels. The results show that flyable days of hot air balloon tourism in Yunnan generally exhibit a seasonal characteristic of more in winter and spring and fewer days in summer and autumn, with the stable meteorological conditions during the winter monsoon season as the core flight period. There are significant differences in flyable days among scenic spots: Lugu Lake and Dai Ethnic Garden have an annual average of over 114 flyable days, while Yuanyang Hani Terraces only have 63 days. The 9 scenic spots can be classified into three suitability levels. The first-level suitable areas (Lugu Lake, Dai Garden) feature the best meteorological conditions, with a high annual number of flyable days and strong continuity of flyable periods. The second-level suitable areas (Fuxian Lake, Ethnic Village, Puzhehei) have favorable meteorological conditions, offering both a substantial number of flyable days and stable flying windows. The third-level suitable areas (Taoyuanba, Hani Rice Terraces, Taiping Lake, Shaonvping) have scattered flyable days and short consecutive flight windows. These findings provide quantitative basis and practical references for the scientific site selection, operation period planning and construction of meteorological support system for hot air balloon tourism in Yunnan Province.