湿地温室气体排放机制及其环境驱动因素的研究进展
Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Wetland Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Their Environmental Driving Factors
DOI: 10.12677/aep.2026.169152, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 徐 琳, 张晓东, 张秀丽：济宁市南四湖自然保护区服务中心，山东 济宁；山东微山湖湿地生态系统定位观测研究站，山东 济宁；王 媛, 王庆贵, 黄彬彬, 刘冠成*：曲阜师范大学生命科学学院，山东 济宁
关键词: 湿地；温室气体；影响因素；减排措施；Wetlands； Greenhouse Gases； Influencing Factors； Emission Reduction Strategies
摘要: 湿地生态系统在全球碳氮循环与气候调节中发挥着重要作用，既是陆地生态系统中重要的碳汇，也是二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的主要自然排放源之一。湿地温室气体排放过程受多种环境因子和生物过程的共同调控，其机制复杂，时空异质性显著，在全球变化背景下呈现出较大的不确定性。系统梳理湿地温室气体排放机制及其关键驱动因素，对于科学评估湿地生态系统的综合气候效应和优化湿地保护与恢复管理具有重要意义。本文在综合国内外相关研究的基础上，系统综述了湿地CO2、CH4和N2O的产生、转化与排放机制，重点阐述了土壤有机碳、水分条件、温度、pH、氧化还原状态以及微生物过程等关键环境因子对湿地温室气体排放的调控作用。同时，本文也讨论了湿地温室气体排放研究面临的主要挑战与不确定性，并指出未来研究应加强多温室气体协同观测、微生物过程速率定量表征以及环境因子交互作用机制的解析，以提升对湿地净气候效应的综合评估能力。本综述可为湿地生态系统在气候变化背景下的科学管理与功能提升提供理论参考。
Abstract: Wetland ecosystems play a vital role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles as well as climate regulation. They serve not only as important carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems but also as one of the major natural sources of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The processes of greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands are co-regulated by multiple environmental factors and biological processes, exhibiting complex mechanisms and significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which introduce considerable uncertainty in the context of global change. Systematically reviewing the mechanisms of wetland greenhouse gas emissions and their key driving factors is of great importance for scientifically assessing the comprehensive climate effects of wetland ecosystems and optimizing wetland conservation and restoration management. Based on a synthesis of relevant domestic and international research, this paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of production, transformation, and emission of CO2, CH4, and N2O in wetlands, with a focus on the regulatory roles of key environmental factors such as soil organic carbon, water conditions, temperature, pH, redox status, and microbial processes. Additionally, this paper discusses the major challenges and uncertainties in the study of wetland greenhouse gas emissions, and suggests that future research should strengthen integrated multi-greenhouse gas observations, quantitative characterization of microbial process rates, and mechanistic analysis of interactions among environmental factors, in order to enhance the capacity for comprehensive assessment of the net climate effects of wetlands. This review provides a theoretical reference for the science-based management and functional enhancement of wetland ecosystems in the context of climate change.
文章引用：徐琳, 王媛, 张晓东, 王庆贵, 黄彬彬, 张秀丽, 刘冠成. 湿地温室气体排放机制及其环境驱动因素的研究进展[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2026, 16(9): 1509-1516. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2026.169152

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