大型船舶平台5G专网设计与部署研究

Research on the Design and Deployment of Private 5G Networks for Large Ship Platforms

摘要: 针对大型船舶平台复杂海洋环境下网络可靠运行、灵活部署的工程需求，本文从系统工程视角提出船载5G分级分布式网络架构与配套部署方案。技术层面融合机固分级协同组网、分布式核心网热备份、多接入边缘计算本地数据自治三项关键技术，依托分级协同机制完成固定基站与机动节点动态组网，结合核心网热备与用户池共享、3GPP标准规定的AMF容量权重配置实现网元故障快速自愈，借助边缘本地数据闭环处理完成涉密信息安全隔离；落地层面梳理适配舰船空间与作业环境的专用设备形态，支撑大型船舶专网工程建设。整套架构可在网元局部受损时实现网络自愈，面向应急通信、区域热点补盲场景完成动态覆盖拓展，兼容多型船载终端接入，可依托卫星回传链路实现岸海网络互通，为构建多舰船跨平台一体化海上移动通信体系提供技术支撑。方案整体既是对现有5G专网标准的工程化应用，又是面向舰船平台特殊需求的系统性优化与创新。

Abstract: In response to the engineering requirements for reliable operation and flexible deployment of networks in complex marine environments on large ship platforms, this article proposes a ship borne 5G hierarchical distributed network architecture and supporting deployment scheme from a systems engineering perspective. At the technical level, it integrates three key technologies, namely, machine fixed hierarchical collaborative networking, distributed core network hot backup, and multi access edge computing local data autonomy. It relies on the hierarchical collaboration mechanism to complete the dynamic networking of fixed base stations and mobile nodes. It combines the core network hot backup and user pool sharing, and the AMF capacity weight configuration specified in the 3GPP standard to achieve rapid self-healing of network element failures, and completes the security isolation of classified information with the help of the edge local data closed-loop processing; It sorts out the specialized equipment forms that are suitable for ship space and operating environment at the landing level, and supports the construction of large-scale ship dedicated network projects. The entire architecture can achieve network self-healing in the event of local damage to network elements, and dynamically expand coverage for emergency communication and regional hotspot blind filling scenarios. It is compatible with multiple types of shipborne terminal access and can rely on satellite feedback links to achieve shore sea network interoperability, providing technical support for building a multi ship cross platform integrated maritime mobile communication system. The overall solution is not only an engineering application of existing 5G private network standards, but also a systematic optimization and innovation for the special needs of ship platforms.